Invisible by Taylor Swift free essay sample

Whether you enjoy listening to country or pop Taylor Swift delivers in every song she sings. Many of Taylor’s songs are well known and have hit the charts multiple times. Each time â€Å"Love Story† or â€Å"Tim McGraw† is played on the radio everyone knows the entire song. The fact that her songs are so easy to relate to is what makes these songs popular. It takes quite a singer and person to be able to relate to such a large audience so effectively. However, there are still those few songs that seem to have gone unnoticed. Recently I happened to stumble upon Taylor Swift’s song â€Å"Invisible.† This song is captivating and easy to relate to. I am just waiting for it to become as popular as her other huge hits. â€Å"Invisible† is about that boy who â€Å"sees right through† a girl and is only looking at the other girl who is â€Å"never gonna love him like† she does. We will write a custom essay sample on Invisible by Taylor Swift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This song is so easy to relate to because every girl knows what it feels like to be forgotten and left behind for someone else. No matter how hard someone tries to make themselves noticed, it seems that they cannot be anything more than â€Å"invisible.† Taylor shares that she cannot understand why he would ever want to be with someone who â€Å"is never gonna see the light no matter what.† Light for Taylor is the difference between substance and flash. Simple things like these examples from â€Å"Invisible† are why Taylor’s songs are so accessible and popular. Even though everyone knows celebrities and performers are just normal people it is often times hard to relate to them because they seem so distant and different. By distant and different I mean celebrities do not live the life most people are used to. Instead, they live a life of fame and fortune. I think that Taylor is easily seen as normal because her songs are about things that happen to lots of people. Taylor Swift will never disappoint.

Rembrandt Essays - Self-portraits By Rembrandt, Rembrandt

Rembrandt Essays - Self-portraits By Rembrandt, Rembrandt Rembrandt Name: loui.O Teacher: Samah Zakak Subject: art 10c1 Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, "Self-Portrait"1658 frick.org/interact/rembrandt-harmensz-van-rijn-self-portrait Cultural contexts of the selected piece: In the 16th century, Amsterdam experienced unprecedented growth and affluence. The city developed into a metropolis in just a few years, becoming the worlds staple market. This self-portrait show us both sides of the culture the first side it show that Amsterdam is an advanced city that values art and full of rich people and materials from his clothes .but at the same time when Rembrandt draw this picture he was showing the face which is blurred and scarred by time, by sorrows, and by illness. Yet Rembrandt was only fifty-two in 1658 when he signed and dated this portrait. He was also a small man, but he portrayed his figure in powerfull and big dimension . It is almost as though he decided to pack his entire life into this image of himself, both what had gone before, and what lay ahead. References : Rembrandt (2010)frick.org/interact/rembrandt-harmensz-van-rijn-self-portrait#sthash.5MVlSrt0.dpuf Amsterdam(2013) https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/explore-the-collection/timeline-dutch-history/1600-1665-amsterdams-prosperity

Why Mainstream Social Networks Complicate Our Identities Research Proposal

Why Mainstream Social Networks Complicate Our Identities - Research Proposal Example All aspects of the environment were perceived as threats due to the relatively untrained and primordial perception and capacity of the early inhabitants. In the first stage, the social consciousness of the people was centered on the tribe as the singular commune existing in their periphery. Posner (1) maintained that during the early times, thinking outside the delimitations set by the tribal unit, practice and tradition is akin to modern-day treason. As such, the mindset of the early civilizations with regards to social acuity has been primarily limited to the concept of a tribe. The second stage is marked by the enlightenment of the individual as they began to have a more profound understanding of their environment and how they can suit their needs according to the change in times. Posner (2) argued that during this stage, people began to engage themselves into their surrounding thereby formulating smaller groups in their community. During this time, tribe members also started to i nteract with other members of neighboring tribes signifying the beginning of trade and commerce. Due to the awakening, the early people began to notice an opportunity to improve their way of life by mastering his environment and becoming an active player in the communal exchange. This then became the catalyst that spurted man’s ingenuity to discover matter and manner that went on well through time. The third stage is the mental stage characterized by people’s accumulation of knowledge and a keen mastery of his way of life. A system of education is likewise formed where the past is ultimately utilized as the main yardstick for future endeavors. Also, this stage is marked by advancements the systems of economy, politics and social interactions. Developments in science, communications, and technology likewise exemplify this stage. In this regard, people became more sophisticated with innovative types of machinery, gadgets and systemic processes.

CJ 450 Counter Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CJ 450 Counter Terrorism - Essay Example ding assignments, what status, rights, and protections would you afford someone who was an American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terrorist violence? How about someone who was a foreign national engage in terrorism in the United States? An American citizen fights American forces abroad? A foreign national, but not a member of a nations military, fighting American forces abroad? Would torture of any of these subjects ever be justified if it could save lives? How serious is the problem of anti-Americanism here at home? Should people be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do not engage in it? What remedies are available to the government, if any, to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly support terrorism while not actually engaging in it? What should the remedies be? Give your overall assessment of the USA PATRIOT ACT. Do you think it has contributed to the lack of terror attacks in the United States since 9/11? If you were in Congress, would you vote to renew the act as is? Would you change anything? Why or why not? The 9/11 attacks upon the United States changed the vast majority of peoples’ perceptions about the importance as well as the necessity for improved and extended counterterrorism units to prevent further bombings.1 Without those attacks my job would not exist within its present format. The federal government the armed forces, the FBI, and the CIA underestimated the ability of Al-Qaeda to launch large-scale attacks within the United States, despite being of its previous bombings of American targets abroad. The Clinton administration had only carried out limited missile strikes against suspected Al-Qaeda bases in the Sudan, and seemed to be aware of that organization’s move to Afghanistan.2 American society has altered drastically in the last couple of decades due to immigration of people from Islamic countries in Asia and the

Adaptive Web-site Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adaptive Web-site Design - Essay Example Currently, there are technologies that allow Web programmers to separate the conceptual representation of an application domain from the content of the actual Web-site. One such popular technology is eXtensible Markup Language (XML). XML is a markup language that was designed to transport and store data. It separates the document’s contents from its presentation. This makes it possible to use a single document to contain all the website’s content independent of presentation attributes. Secondly, the XML source document is processed with an eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) file to produce a variety of outputs including HTML pages, rich text formats (RTFs), PDFs and mobile devices. This single source capability decreases errors in content and ensures consistency of format throughout entire Web sites and between formats for multiple devices (Costello et al. 2006). Another technology that promotes adaptive web design is Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) which supports u se of fluid layouts, flexible media and media queries (Gustafson 2011). CSS is a style sheet language, which like XML, enables the separation of document presentation from document content. CSS3 is the latest standard for Cascading Style Sheets.

Development of Emulsion Property

Development of Emulsion Property Student’s name: Yang Jiang Abstract In recent years, emulsion has taken an important port in our life, such as cosmetic and some other cosmetic industries. The property of the emulsion has a direct impact on our daily life. This paper chose the process of produce bath gel to provide what makes the property change, how to control it and how to make it better. In technically, chose different viscosity, speed rate and concentrate to get different product. Aim to find the best one. Introduction An emulsion is formed when two more insoluble phases are blended together with one of them is in the form of liquid drop. Emulsions belong to a two-phase system ofmatter which is calledcolloids. The emulsion is generally non-transparent and inherently unstable. The diameter of drop is between 100nm to 10mm, and the size of it could be observed by an optical microscope. However in this work, an emulsion consisting of two liquids is the objective many companies and institutions tend to take advantages of. To sum up, two types of this emulsion can be formed by mixture. The one which shapes into a water-in-oil system is called W/O emulsion and another is oil-in-water system which is called O/W emulsion. Emulsion is widely used in manufacturing as a common form of formulated products, and whose properties have been studied in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics and food. Some kinds of emulsion are necessities in daily life, such as: milk, ice cream, vinaigrettes, rubber, latex, crude oil emulsions and even some cutting fluids formetal working. However, an emulsion cannot be obtained easily because emulsions cannot be formed spontaneously. Energy is needed to form an emulsion through shaking, stirring, homogenizing or exposure to power ultrasound. And in this proposal, the emulsion is formed by stirring. Some mixing devices will be adopted to blend Silicon oil and water together. So it is apparent that some parameters can be fixed as constant and the others are what we are interested in to investigate. A number of the physicochemical properties of emulsions can only be understood with reference to their dynamic nature. Many properties depend on the volume fraction of both phases and the type of emulsifier present. Because of the low solubility of oil in water it is usually assumed that the oil in an emulsion droplet is isolated from that in neighboring droplets. Emulsion stability refers to as the ability of resisting change in its properties over time. Coalescence happens when droplets crash into each other and combine to form a larger droplet, so the mean droplet size increases over time. Emulsions can also undergocreaming, in which the droplets rise to the top of the emulsion. In order to keep the emulsion stability, an appropriate surface active agent should be decided to add into the system to increase the kinetic stability of an emulsion so that the size of the droplets keep unchangeable significantly with time. The emulsions produced by dispersion of a liquid into another insoluble liquid is an aspect of great benefits in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. Present industrial methods applied in emulsification processes have been fully developed and studied. For example, rotor stator devices, and static mixers techniques are well-accepted as important ways of producing small droplets but with another side effects on the liquids, bringing potential hazards to the properties of compounds. It has been proved by plenty of researchers that droplet size is one factor of the most difficult ones to control because some instability phases will be produced among this during the controlling process. Rotor-stator mixers are usually used for processing of disperse/break solid particles and aggregates and also to colloidal liquid-liquid systems. Such as cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, health care products and many other industries. As the drop size affects the processing and the properties of the products in the emulsification. The mechanisms that break the drops is the key for design process. Rotor and stator are the two main mechanisms which can break drops in rotor-stator devices. For emulsification, the industrial processing and some of the product properties are influenced by the drop size. In a two-phase process, the mass transfer rate is proportional to the interfacial area between the two phases. The drop size distribution is varied with the conditions inside the vessel and the length of mixing time and thus the interfacial area is changed with it. Hence successful processing steps are designed by establishing deep understanding of the mechanism of drop breakup. In general, two competing theories have been proved on drop breakup mechanisms to give a good explanation to this phenomenon. So one theory shows that droplet breakup is produced by turbulent eddies (energy dissipation rate) and another is due to the agitator shear rate. Another widely used mixing device: static mixers, which are also called motionless mixers, have become standard equipment in the process industries. Their application in continuous processes is a good choice to traditional agitation because generally better performance can be obtained with this device at lower cost. There are also some other kinds of mixing devices such as CSTR and batch reactor. But according to the cost, property of the emulsion, the conditions in the lab and many other factors I chose rotor-stator mixer as the agitator. The working principle of rotor-stator mixture is shown as below in Figure 1. Figure 1: Basic principle of rotor – stator mixture when running In this essay, comparing different emulsion got from different conditions of the mixing due to different conditions of mixing have a direct result that the droplet size changed. The property of the emulsion is influenced by the droplet size. The viscosity and storage modulus of W/O and O/W fine concentrated emulsions were increased by the reduction of droplet size. And the shear-thinning effects got stronger in the fine emulsions As silicon oil is the resource which is manly used in cosmetics. How bath gel be different by the different size of droplet is the main purpose. As the rheology of emulsion is influenced by the droplet size, various of bath gel might be produced with different property. Background 3.1Theory 3.2. Literature review There have been a large amount of methods of producing polymer emulsions in industrial manufacturing. One of the mainly way of them is emulsion polymerization. Emulsion polymerization has large polymer relative molecular mass, fast reaction rate, low pollution and the equipment and technology with which to produce the emulsion products is easy to get and operated in generation. Recently, more and more scientists have focused on this area. Many factors have an important influence on both yield and quality of the polymerization product in the process of emulsion polymerization, such as the type and concentration of emulsifier, the sorts and concentration of initiator, the intensity of stirring, reaction temperature, the category and concentration of electrolyte and some other technological parameters. Emulsion polymerization system is a multiphase system, the effect of stirring turn the monomer into droplet separately, which is good for heat transfer and mass transfer. And keep the system mixing, constant temperature, avoid from local overheating. The yield and quality of the emulsion polymer are controlled by stir directly. Many scholars carried out extensive research on the influence of the mixing of emulsion polymerization. Such as Shunmukhan et al, Omi et al, Nomura et al who had studied the effects of mixing on low solid content of the emulsion. Vanderhoff, M. Zubitor, S. Oprea et al, Matejicek et al who has studied the effects of mixing on high solid content emulsion polymerization (> 50%).This paper elaborated how the mixing effects on the quality of products. Influence of the style of agitator on polymerization The production capacity of reactor, the quality of product and the accident caused by cooling or heating are all related to the type of agitator. Shearing action, circulating mode and the mixed-ability which were generated by mixing are given by the specific style of agitator. And so does the state of macro-flow. 3 factors should be considered when selecting the style of agitator: 1. High heat transfer coefficient should be ensure from the reactor wall or Immersion coil to the reactants; 2. An obvious effect should be provided in the stirring; 3. Low consumption of energy in the stirring. Therefore, in the process of emulsion polymerization, especially for the industrialized production, we should find out the most appropriate style of agitator by strengthen the research about the relation between mixer and emulsion polymerization. Influence of mixing intensity on the emulsion polymerization 2.1 The influence of mixing intensity on latex particle size In the process of emulsion polymerization, mixing intensity has a direct impact on the latex particle size. With the revolution of mixing higher, monomer was divided into smaller beads, the surface area of monomer droplet was larger per cubic centimeter of water, the amount of emulgator adsorbed on the surface was increased, the numbers of micelle were reduced per cubic centimeter of water, the rate of nucleation decreased in phase 1, so does the emulsion grains generated, if the initial monomer amount is fixed, the particle size of latex increases. With the increase of stirring intensity, latex particle size also increases in the process of semi-continuous emulsion polymerization are analyzed and verified by M. Zubitur et al, S. Opera. And they further points out that the stirring intensity also affect the nucleation mechanism: under the low intensity, the micellar nucleation and monomer droplet nucleation were presented. And the distribution of particle size is unimodal features. T herefore, in the emulsion polymerization, the diameter of latex particle is related to the number of latex particle, with the increase of stirring intensity, the number of latex particle decreased, the diameter of latex particle increased, vice versa. 2.2 The influence of mixing intensity on the stability of emulsion Emulsion stability is one of the most valuable properties in researches involving emulsions concerned by numerous scientists. The influence of stirring intensity on the emulsion stability is mainly manifested in polymerization stability. During the process of emulsion polymerization, droplet condensation may happen raised by coalescence of latex particles within the emulsion, as a result of the loss of polymer emulsion stability. In other cases, during the emulsion polymerization, the condensate may deposit on the reactor components which are accumulated in a thick layer. This is one kind of phenomenon of gel. These phenomena may make the color of emulsion fade away, delicate feeling disappear, affecting the quality of the product seriously. Stability of high solid content emulsion has two important areas which should be concentrated on to investigate further. On one hand, with an increase in stirring intensity and collision frequency, the emulsion stability which plays an important role in manufacturing products will be decreased. On the other hand, due to the solid content increased inside the emulsion, and the high emulsion viscosity, the emulsion stability in the heat transfer process impact much on the quality of emulsion products. Especially when the mixing intensity is too high, the material internal shearing action is too frequent; the stability of the emulsion polymerization is easy to destroy so finding some methods to keep its stability should be paid special attention to control the mixing intensity. In  pharmaceutics,  hairstyling,  personal hygiene, and  cosmetics, emulsions are frequently used. These are usually oil and water emulsions but dispersed, and which is continuous depends in many cases on the  pharmaceutical formulation. These emulsions may be called  creams,  ointments,  liniments  (balms),  pastes,  films, or  liquids, depending mostly on their oil-to-water ratios, other additives, and their intended  route of administration.[10][11]The first 5 are  topical  dosage forms, and may be used on the surface of the  skin,  transdermally,  ophthalmically,  rectally, or  vaginally. A highly liquid emulsion may also be used  orally, or may be  injected  in some cases.[10]Popular medications occurring in emulsion form include  calamine lotion,  cod liver oil,Polysporin,cortisolcream,Canesten, andFleet. Microemulsions are used to deliver  vaccinesand kill  microbes.[12]Typical emulsions used in these techniques are nanoemulsions of  soybean oil, with particles that are 400-600nm in diameter.[13]The process is not chemical, as with other types of  antimicrobial  treatments, but mechanical. The smaller the droplet the greater the  surface tension  and thus the greater the force required to merge with other  lipids. The oil is emulsified with detergents using a  high-shear mixer  to stabilize the emulsion so, when they encounter the lipids in the  cell membrane  or envelope of  bacteria  or  viruses, they force the lipids to merge with themselves. On a mass scale, in effect this disintegrates the membrane and kills the pathogen. The soybean oil emulsion does not harm normal human cells, or the cells of most other  higher organisms, with the exceptions of  sperm cells  and  blood cells, which are vulnerable to nanoemulsions due to the peculiarities of their membrane structures. For this reason, these nanoemulsions are not currently used  intravenously  (IV). The most effective application of this type of nanoemulsion is for the  disinfection  of  surfaces. Some types of nanoemulsions have been shown to effectively destroy  HIV-1  and  tuberculosis  pathogens on non-porous  surfaces. Objectives 3.3.1 In this experiment, the first objective is to find the relationship of drop size and stirring intensity. In most cases, an increase in stirring intensity will cause an decrease in the size of every droplet inside of the oil-in-water emulsion. In order to keep the stability of the system, a fixed concentration of surfactant (SLES) will be added in each experiment to keep a balance between the forces in both directions. Furthermore, the quantity of SLES used in every system should be kept the same. Besides, the time for this kind of experiments is not enough to carry out all, so only one type of the agitator will be investigated. Therefore, the parameters which can be changed are the speed of the agitator, the oil viscosity and different time intervals. The second objective is to link droplet size to the viscosity of oil. Different concentration and viscosity of oil may render the emulsion system unstable with respect to time, because different oil viscosity means different Reynolds number showing different flow regime that the emulsion is. And thus the other important properties of the emulsion should be affected by the mean viscosity of the oil phase and water phase. The third objective is to investigate the effect of concentration of aqueous phase have on the droplet size. At the same time, the mixing time can influence the size of the oil droplet and its distribution. So that is another meaningful point to investigate. Methodology Viscosity of the oil is: 10, 1000,12500and 30000 cSt. The agitator rotor can run from 10000 to 20000 RPMs for a rotor stator system. Resources requirements Laboratory Safety The author has attended an introduction about health and safety and will obey all rules in the lab. While working with lots of harmful chemicals, I have read the instruction of chemical use which provides some vital information in case of emergency. All the cutters using by stirring operations must be assessed before use. Lab coat, safety glasses and nitrile rubber gloves should be dressed in case of potential danger. I have been working safety in the lab for about half a year in my college and I claim that I have known what I should do for emergent situation and decrease the degree of danger to the least. Work plan Beneficiaries References

Process Essay - How to Write a Good Essay :: Process Essays

Process Essay - How to Write a Good Essay I present the following; boiled down into the form of a list it may be easily understood by all teachers of writing, even those whose first name is for all intents and purposes "Coach." 1. Get a sheet of paper. This law is thought by some to have been superceded by the advent of computer technology. However, it is still an important first step in that it leads to the following: 2. Sit at a desk with the paper on it, scribbling senseless doodles, silly faces, and, if you are so inclined, the name of an object of affection surrounded by hearts, flowers, and, again if you are so inclined, barbed wire. 3. Start feeling guilty for wasting so much time and begin staring off into space waiting for the muse to start blowing you kisses or for inspiration to shoot a lightning bolt through the top of your head. 4. Hum. 5. Begin tearing pieces of the paper off and put them in your mouth. Chew. Swallow if necessary. 6. Now that you are ready to write your first draft, turn on your computer and/or word processor and begin cruising the Internet or wiping dust off of your screen with the aforementioned paper or your thumb, whichever is more convenient. 7. Remember that you've done no research. Go to the shelf and pick up a volume of the World Book Encyclopedia, preferably "P-R." "Q" always has some interesting topics in it. 8. Finally settle--after combing through a few more volumes--on something to do with Wombats. 9. Remember that the instructor actually gave you a list of possible topics from which to choose. 10. Search in vain for the list of possible paper topics your instructor gave you from which to choose. 11. Call up your friend who is also taking the class and beg her for the list. 12. Meet for coffee. Forget about the list. 13. Call her the next day and ask her to just read a few of the topics over the phone to you. 14. Listen in horror as she says: "You did know this paper is due tomorrow, didn't you?" 15. Go to the library. 16. Research by checking out randomly selected books on vaguely related topics. 17. Highlight like mad. 18. Look at the stack of books for a good long while.

How to Write a Paragraph Essay

Writing a paragraph does not simply involve throwing words into the pool, hoping that it would create something meaningful. One must first create an outline in order to organize the scattered ideas before dedicating words into the paragraph. When writing a paragraph, one must start off with a â€Å"hook† sentence which can attract readers and encourage them to read more. That would be applicable to the introductory paragraph only. The succeeding paragraphs should contain a topic sentence rather than the â€Å"hook† sentence. After every topic sentence, the writer should support it with ideas that are related to the topic sentence’s idea. This actually composes the body of the paragraph. This part of the paragraph should be clear and concise. The writer must not use wordy sentences since it takes up a lot of space. Finally, one must conclude each paragraph by summarizing the ideas into one sentence and creating a transitional sentence which can relate the paragraph to the next. For introductory paragraphs, the last sentence should be the thesis statement of the whole paper. So when writing a paragraph, the writer should always start with an outline to organize his or her scattered ideas. This is where every paragraph should begin.

Leadership The Trait theories Essays

Leadership The Trait theories Essays Leadership The Trait theories Paper Leadership The Trait theories Paper Leadership is a process through which a person tries to get organizational members to do something the person desires. The leaders influence extends beyond supervisory responsibility and formal authority. Leadership theories have long sought to identify what are the characteristics that make an effective leader. In this paper, three main bodies of research and knowledge are Trait, Behaviour and Contingency approaches. The Trait theories Trait theories: leaders possess certain personal quality that leaders had to greater degree than non-leaders. Which attempted to identify the personality traits of the effective leader to facilitate the selection leader. The trait approach is based on the some assumptions: that individual is more important than situation; and leadership is inborn. Many early researchers believed that leaders such as Lincoln and Hitler had some unique set of qualities that distinguished them their followers. The trait approach seeks to identify enduring personal characteristics and traits that distinguish leaders from followers. For example: Intelligence helps a lead solve complex problems. Assertiveness helps a leader frankly express demands and attitudes and enable him to perform many tasks and achieve goals. Initiative when high, help a leader deal with many demands he faces on a day-to-day basis. Resilience, that a highly flexible in adjusting their behaviour in different situations Empathy ensures a leader putting them in the followers shoes. Drive fuels a leader to be the best of the field he chooses to pursue. Many finding illustrated that individuals who possess certain traits are more likely to become effective leaders than those who do not, . but none of traits guarantee success. , Many individuals who possess the identified traits never become leaders. Why the trait approach is not guarantee some one become effective leader? There are four reasons: it overlooks the needs of followers, it generally fails to clarity the relative importance of various traits, it doesnt separate cause from effect, and more important, it ignore the situation factors. .For instance, observations may lead one to believe that effective leaders are more likely to be assertive and outgoing, while there are outstanding leaders such as Lincoln who were relatively shy and withdrawn. Obviously, the trait approach alone cannot fully explain why or how leadership occurs. It suggests that the need to move to the other factors that contribute to leadership effectiveness. The Behaviour theories Rather than looking at the innate traits of leaders, behaviour approach argues that successful leaders can be train and teach, attention switched from selecting leaders on personality trait to training and developing leaders in appropriate behavior patterns. This research tradition argues that considerate, participative, and democratic and involving leadership behaviour is more effective than impersonal, autocratic and directive. Weaknesses of Trait and Behaviour Approaches Both trait and behaviour approach essentially ignores the situation in which leadership takes place. The trait approach takes into account leaders personal aspects but ignores the situations in which they try to lead. Certain leadership traits may lead to effective leadership in certain situations and to ineffective leadership in other situations. Dominance, for example, may make a production manager a good leader. But the same trait in the head consultant may actually detract from the leaders effectiveness because the subordinates tend to be independent thinkers who work best when they are left alone. Similarly, the behaviour approach seeks to identify the behaviours responsible for effective leadership without considering how the situation affects behaviour. However, the situation also impacts on a leaders behaviours. The performance of participants can be enhanced when the project manager engages in initiating structure by scheduling the project. In contrast, the performance of a group of assembly-line workers who know exactly how to do their jobs may be unaffected by their leaders initiating structure In fact, it became increasingly clear that the predicting of leadership success was more complex. The contingency theories suggested that leadership effectiveness was dependent on the situation and another to be able to isolate those situational conditions. that under condition a, style X would be appropriate whereas style Y would be more suitable for condition. Many developed leadership approaches in this theories such as Fiedlers models, Hersey and Blanchards situational theory and leader-member exchange theory etc. Fiedlers contingency theory acknowledges that personal characteristics influence whether leaders are effective. i. e. effective leadership requires the right behaviour, skills and attitudes. He assumed two kinds of leaders: task-oriented and relationship-oriented. Leaders who are tasked-related want their subordinates to perform at a high level and accomplish all of their assigned tasks. Their first priority is task accomplishment, and they push subordinates to make sure that the job gets done. Being concerned for the satisfactions and feelings of subordinates is their second priority. Although relationship-related leaders want their subordinates to perform at a high level, their first priority is developing good relationships with their followers. Their second priority is making sure that the job gets done. He argued that effectiveness is influenced by three sets of situational factors: 1. the extent to which the task in hand is structured. The nature of the relationships between the leader and followers; 3. the leaders position power. Fiedler identified three typical sets of conditions, then matching leaders into situations to achieve maximum leadership effectiveness. This theory has two strengths it demonstrates the importance of contextual factors in determining leader behaviour and effectiveness. ; it provides a systematic framework for developing the self-awareness of managers. : Fiedlers contingency theory is positive but weak: 1. the key variables, task structure, power and relationships, are difficult to assess. The leader who wants to rely on this framework to determine the most effective style for a given situation has to rely more on intuition than systematic analysis. 2. the concept of the least preferred co-worker is an unusual one, and it is not clear just what this measures. 3. the framework does not take into account the needs of subordinates. 4. the need for a leader to have relevant technical competence is ignored. Most contingency theories argue that leaders should change their style to fit the context, however, Fiedler argued leaders by choosing conditions in which their preferred style was most likely effective. As Hersey and Blanchards situational theory, which argues that effectiveness are reflected leaders adapt style to meet the demands of the situation in which they operate. Successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style. The model established four basic leadership styles: 1. telling ( high task-high relationship), the leader tells subordinates what , how, when, and where to do various tasks. It emphasizes directive behavior. 2. selling (high task-high relationship). The leader provides both directive behaviour and supportive behaviour. 3. participating (low task-high relationship). The leader and follower share in decision making , with the main role of the leader being facilitating and communicating. 4. delegating (low task-low relationship). The leader providers little direction or support. This theory emphasis on the need for flexibility in leadership behaviour, and in highlighting the importance of contextual factors. However, this theory has limitation that lask of evidence to support the model in practice. Daniel Goleman reported there are six leadership styles, each style relies on an aspect of emotional intelligence which concerns skill in managing your own emotions and in handing the emotions of others.

Free Essays on Train Lab

Train Lab Problem- What's the acceleration of the L train? Materials- Measure meter, stop watches, L train Procedure- First, the person in charge examines the platform briefly. Then he takes 11 people and places that at approximate. equal distances from each other over the entire platform. These are not going to be exactly accurate, as they are just a quickly formed hypothesis of the â€Å"equal† distance people people. Once the people are in their positions, they are handed a stopwatch by the safety people and are to remain in these spots until told to do otherwise. The person closest to the â€Å"beginning† of the platform (the first place the train passes coming into the station) is given the measure meter. Next, as the train enters the station, all stoppers get ready. As soon as the train starts to move out of the station, all stoppers start their watches and stop their watches when the back of the train passes them. Then, the person with the measure meter measures the distance between each person to get the displacement. With the time and displacement, one can get velocity. Then, we calculate the changes in velocity to find the accelerations and initial V and final V. Results/Calculations- Please see attached for calculations Total Displacement: 148.11 m Total Time: 17.90 s Total Velocity: 8.27 m/s Total Acceleration: .46 m/s 2 Observations: According to our research, the L train didn’t seem to have a very high acceleration. Discussion: - Why did we omit certain intervals to make our lab as accurate as possible? - Certain intervals were omitted from this experiment in order to ensure that we were providing the most accurate lab we could. Between some intervals, the numbers for time and/or average velocity were so radically strange that to use them in the lab would onl... Free Essays on Train Lab Free Essays on Train Lab Train Lab Problem- What's the acceleration of the L train? Materials- Measure meter, stop watches, L train Procedure- First, the person in charge examines the platform briefly. Then he takes 11 people and places that at approximate. equal distances from each other over the entire platform. These are not going to be exactly accurate, as they are just a quickly formed hypothesis of the â€Å"equal† distance people people. Once the people are in their positions, they are handed a stopwatch by the safety people and are to remain in these spots until told to do otherwise. The person closest to the â€Å"beginning† of the platform (the first place the train passes coming into the station) is given the measure meter. Next, as the train enters the station, all stoppers get ready. As soon as the train starts to move out of the station, all stoppers start their watches and stop their watches when the back of the train passes them. Then, the person with the measure meter measures the distance between each person to get the displacement. With the time and displacement, one can get velocity. Then, we calculate the changes in velocity to find the accelerations and initial V and final V. Results/Calculations- Please see attached for calculations Total Displacement: 148.11 m Total Time: 17.90 s Total Velocity: 8.27 m/s Total Acceleration: .46 m/s 2 Observations: According to our research, the L train didn’t seem to have a very high acceleration. Discussion: - Why did we omit certain intervals to make our lab as accurate as possible? - Certain intervals were omitted from this experiment in order to ensure that we were providing the most accurate lab we could. Between some intervals, the numbers for time and/or average velocity were so radically strange that to use them in the lab would onl...

HOW DO THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS WORK TO REDUCE COMPETITION AND Essay

HOW DO THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS WORK TO REDUCE COMPETITION AND INCREASE PROFITS - Essay Example a very function of the fact that this particular practice is illegal and almost every single nation around the globe, the profit margins for such behavior are extraordinarily high. Due to the fact that individuals are attracted to this particular line of work based upon the extraordinarily high income they can earn with relatively little effort, there is a continual allure that drug trafficking, smuggling, production, and distribution has for individuals that might not otherwise consider integrating with the traditional economy. Needless to say, in order for drug distribution, transportation, or production to be particularly effective, it must necessarily have a certain level of organization. In much the same way that individual businesses within the traditional economy grow and expand to encompass operational goals and responsibilities that comprised many different individuals, drug cartels have grown as a function of controlling drug trafficking and production as well as smothering potential competition. Whereas the individual might be able to make a relatively small amount of money based upon drug trafficking and production, the protection, level of legitimacy, power, and reach that a cartel as allows this particular process to be engaged in a much more efficient manner. As such, the following discussion will provide a detailed observation with regards to the economics of cartel behavior. Subsequently, it is the hope of this particular author that such a unit of analysis will be beneficial in attempting to relate the dynamics of how this subsector of the economy works; as well as providing an insightful understanding of how economic principles that define the remainder of the economic sphere remain applicable and worthy of consideration – even within the black market. When one considers the illicit drugs industry, they invariably consider the most commonly referred to forms of drug trafficking; marijuana and cocaine. Although it is true that marijuana

Concept of culture shock and reflective diary Essay

Concept of culture shock and reflective diary - Essay Example 16 Reisinger, Y. &, Turner, L. 2003. Cross cultural behaviour in tourism. London: British Library 16 Concept of ‘Culture Shock’ Culture shock is the feeling of dissociation that one feels upon travelling to a foreign country and experiencing a sudden change in their way of life. It is experienced due to a sudden change in food, clothing, manner of communication and even the roles of men and women in the community as. It results from one being unable to read the cultural cues as they differ from the ones, which an individual was familiar with at home. Culture shock has been identified to occur in five different phases Euphoria, disintegration, reintegration, adjustment and re-entry, each one has its own challenges and should be handled in a different manner from the other. Before Travel Before preparing to travel to a new destination, the individual should read as much as they can about their new location. Background knowledge will result in the traveller being prepared t o see some of the things that differ from their culture, which will mean lower shock, and less confrontation between the traveller and the indigenous people (Greensboro, n.d). Upon arrival, the traveller should also talk to his embassy about the local culture there, this is imperative to add on the learning in order to get a first-hand detailed description of the differences they will experience from those from their own country. While China is trying to improve its international image, its public toilets have been of very low hygiene standards (Bailie and Jeff, 2013) and most foreigners are generally advised by their own fellow citizens to not use the public ones but rather wait to use the ones at their hotel. This is information that can only be got from first-hand experience and not from any average travel website. Initial Euphoria Upon arrival, the newcomer to the society is usually excited by the experience of going to a new culture. The new way of life seems extremely appealin g and is usually experienced by those who have stayed there for at most a month. Many tourists on holiday experience this and travel back home without progressing to the other stages. People in the euphoric stage use words such as enchanting, magical, mystical, beautiful and exotic to describe the places they have travelled to as they are experiencing the new country for the first time even when the new country has high levels of poverty and a low development level (Pedersen, 1995). The reason for this is that the locals of the destination country recognize that you are a foreigner and therefore exempt you from the social expectations and cultural norms that the rest of the country is governed by. The locals therefore dismiss the foreigner as just been ignorant instead of confronting them as they would a local (Pedersen, 1995). Police also realize that the national image is at stake when a foreigner lodges a complaint and will do their best to ensure that their problems are resolved quickly in order to avoid complaints being lodged by the embassy resulting in their supervisors coming to scrutinise their work. Locals also try their best to ensure that foreigners will leave with a good report of the country and therefore see to it they explain to them the dangers of doing certain things that would be criticised in the destination c