Business plan and some figures.a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan and some figures.a - Essay lessonThese partnering companies are called Pks and Shane. The companies bequeath each buy 1000 units of wigs each month. This means therefore that we will buzz off 2000 units each month at 450 per unit.The company is looking forward to securing a loan with your bank to learn a boost in the sales and advertisements for the companys products as well as its expansion. In the budgeted financials for the first year of operation the company expects to report promising returns from venturing in the industry. The companys budgeted benefit are 7,242,400.00 for the first financial year. The company has we are looking to increase the market share and so we will require additional financing from your bank of an amount amounting to 10,000,000. We are requesting the amount based on our projected revenues and a further increase of 30% of our budgeted expenses. The current market interest rate is at 7% which will be conducive for our organisation. The companys management is aware of the repayment peak of three year. Paying monthly payments of 308,770.97 as per the loan amortization schedule shown in the appendix, the organisation will be committed in repaying the loan without failure.Wonderland Company intends to venture in the beauty industry in selling and distribution of female wigs both locally and internationally. The company has established two main(prenominal) distributors in the local market. These distributers are the PKs and the Shane companies limited. The company is looking forward to expanding is market to the international market thus the main reason to securing a business loan.The company will be sourcing its virgin hair ingredients from India, this is because of the great pledge that local consumers have on the hair. Indian hair is voted to be the best quality and consumer friendly in terms of price. The decision was reached after conducting research of the afro Caribbean hair

Primary Functions of Human Resource Management Research Paper

Primary Functions of gay Resource Management - Research Paper ExampleBesides that, this department clarifies and invests forth daily objectives for the cockeyed and is responsible for organizing people in the entire organization and planning for the future objectives and ventures involving all the people in the company (Raymond, 2006). This paper is seeking to give a detailed explanation of how human resource caution influences sectors such as lucifer employment chance and affirmative action, planning, recruitment, selection, development, compensation, and benefits. Additionally, it will also resolve to work out on human resource role in safety and health, employee and labor relations. Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action Equal employment opportunity refers to equal job circumstance where it is applicable to either citizen and is essential to fair practices of employment. It also conforms to federal and state laws requirement. On the other end, affirmative acti on is a tool that an organizations human resource management uses to provide steps that atomic number 18 infallible in ensuring parity and disparity (Gary, 2004). In an organization, the primary function of human resource management is to insure a fair and full equal employment opportunity and affirmative action for all employees, careless(predicate) of factors such as race, genetic information, marital status, sexual orientation, age, color, and religion as well as theme origin among others. Factors involved in equal employment opportunity are essential as they make haste creation of a harmonious working environment where employees feel protected and appreciated. These aspects are congruent factors of mobilisation and motivation. These factors are essential since they assist on creating harmony in working places and set forth a platform of opportunities where the qualified and protected classes of people compete fairly for the available position This system provides for an eq ual opportunity where an organization has a platform where it gives every employee a chance to contribute towards building the federal agency of the company by use total dedication via exhausting all the available resources every module can contribute. In this sector, human resource provides for indiscriminative treatment where all employees feel equal while in the course of executing their daily duties in their respective working places. Just as elaborated in affirmative action, the protected class which includes those individuals protected by the state against employment discrimination such as minorities, people with disabilities, women, and people aged 40 and above years (Hyde, 2004). Under these circumstances, when an employment opportunity arises in all likelihood to transfer, resignation, or termination of contract of an employee, the work of the human resource is to declare the vacancy open and set an open competitive procedure in which qualified personnel will fit under t he be system. Human resource agents or affirmative action representatives have the responsibility of helping managers in hiring by means of all the set selection process. The presence of both managers and affirmative action representatives is to ensure full consideration to equal opportunities of employment implications regarding the complete hiring process and interview and correct affirmative actions for the agency. The functions of human resource are uncountable. In an organization, it helps managers employ effective and efficient techniques of recruiting in order to obtain a diverse and abundant

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Essay

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin the States - Essay ExampleCON U.S is losing the drug contend in Latin America 1. U.S organization has failed to re-evaluate her strategy to fight the drug menace. 2. The state of war fight largely focuses on the users and therefore leaves the another(prenominal) partners in the trade to thrive well in the trade. 3. There is no concrete drug enforcement appliance to restrict the production of drugs. 4. The affordability and cheap processing makes it difficulty to wipe drugs out of Latin America. 5. A conduct of resistance from human rights organization derails the efforts to do away with the drugs. The U.S will to control drug trafficking and abuse in Latin America confirms that it is very committed to wipe the drugs from these region. To begin with, since 1960s, the regimen has invested a lot of her efforts and management to wage war on drug trade in Latin America. Regan and Bush declared war on drugs in U.S and Latin America when the y occupied their presidential offices. The Bush successor Bin Clinton go along with the worth fight on drugs when he came into power in 19931. Since then, the U.S government has been strong on the war on drugs in Latin America. The U.S government recently got a support from Latin countries such as Mexico, Cuba, and Columbia. For instance, president of Mexico, Calderon has been in the forefront to combat drugs in the country2. Since he took office in 2006, he has do leaps towards the drugs war. For example, his government has formulated policies to deal with the consumers and traders of illicit drugs. These efforts switch paid handsomely because the consumption of drugs has subsided. Obamas government is in talks with Latin America Governments. Bidens trip in 2012 to Latin America shows that the government has given negotiations a favorable chance. Biden was seeking to discuss on how leaders in that region roll in the hay decriminalize drugs with an aim to stop its trade. Second, the new laws are in formulation stages. Policy analyst have advocated for a change in the current policies to allow U.S to win war on drugs. Arguably, their insights will go forth new strategies to curb drugs trafficking in Latin America and U.S. The medical professionals have suggested programs to treat the drug victims. In addition, the social advocates suggests, that creation of awareness about dangers of engaging in drugs is the way to go. All these concerted efforts check a win in the war on drugs in Latin America3. Third, the debates on drugs have attracted a lot of public interest. The Latin and the U.S population feel that drug consumption is not socially acceptable. They send off tough punishments for the growers, manufacturers, suppliers, and sellers. The public warns of the dangers of permitting drugs to get into the society. They provide a procedure, which can deter the abuse of drugs. The public suggests that, through with(predicate) identification, imprisonment, a nd persecution, the war can yield fruits4. Moreover, the drug user will be accountable for their actions. Implementation is promptly happening in the Latin America. This is a huge step towards gaining victory in the drug war. The sum up of funds through budgetary allocation to fight drug abuse demonstrates U.S readiness to see the bump end of the war. There has been a significant attention on the budget to allocate enough silver in the drug war. In 1990, U.S budget on drugs was at $ 9.7 billion. This almost doubled in 2000 when it gibe $ 17.7 billion mark. On top of this, the Drug Enforcement Administration department staffed

GLOBAL OUTSOURCING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

globular OUTSOURCING - Essay ExampleIt has also been able to simplify stock holding and brought them down to 8.9 million from amazing 40 million. The overall net effect of the above savings is decrease in production be of every component (vehicle) by 34 (Reynolds, 2012). It has been able to free up its real property for deal of manufacturing vehicles. Therefore, panther institute roamer has not only been capable of improving its supply chain save also to deliver fantastic savings on costs. Importantly, Jaguar Land Rover has been able to development customer satisfaction (Reynolds, 2012).5The company trades as Jaguar Land Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC. It is a multinational company manufacturing and selling vehicles globally. Its headquarters are in Whitley, Coventry in the joined Kingdom. The chief executive officer of Jaguar Land Jaguar Land Rover club is Ralf Speth. Jaguar Land Jaguar Land Rover company is the largest automotive manufacturing business in the United Kin gdom. The company manufactures the automotives around two iconic railway car brands from the United Kingdom. These iconic car brands are Land Rover and jaguar. Land over is a worlds top producer of finest all revolve drive automobiles. Jaguar is a world leading premier luxury sports car and sports saloon car Marques. Jaguar Land Jaguar Land Rover brings together these two highly prestigious and practically loved brands of cars. Tata Motors acquired Land Rover and jaguar companies from Ford Company in 2008 and later merged them in to a single automotive manufacturing company. Jaguar Land Jaguar Land Rover has been successful and it has been stentorian with innovative technologies and memorable vehicles that add to the companys extensive enduring legacy of unique automotive manufacturer (Woolley & Grice 2013).Jaguar Company started in 1922 as a motorcycle sidecars manufacturer. Now, the company name was Swallow SideCar Company. It started to

Impact Of Music File Sharing On The Production Of New Music Essay

Impact Of Music archive Sharing On The Production Of New Music - Essay ExampleThe modern trend of business organisation provides a great deal of importance to capitalize over cultural aspects that are integrally associated with friendly upbringing of an individual. Music is one such medium that incorporates within its scope diverse aspects of the social instauration and acceptance, popularity or support for an artist or for a particular take of music varies according to the accomplishment of using cultural traits and their commercialization in the modern business scenario. Compared to the earlier time, though music and non-homogeneous forms of performing art remained as a source of income or doing business since time immemorial, it never took form of an organized business industry as that of the recent situation. The post Industrial Revolution era witnessed a general trend provided a spontaneous impetus to the humankind to find all possible operator to accumulate financial ca pital and encourage capitalism. Such capitalist aggression also blocked the graphic right of common people to enjoy and consume the products of their respective cultures and it also suggested that if such rights are to be obtained, an individual is required to pay certain amount of price. Interestingly, the process of such prohibition also reliable legal acknowledgment in terms of protecting rights of an artist and encouraging the production of cultural artifacts heathen production, like other areas of production, underwent a transformation as the Industrial Revolution gathered steam. It became possible to mass-produce cultural artifacts (Giese, 2004, p. 348).

Immigrants and Immigration - America Needs Immigration Essay

Immigrants and Immigration - the States Needs Immigration - Essay ExampleImmigration as well as assists in the development and understand of cultural diversities and helps in promoting anti racist sentiments. Immigrants mainly belong to the underdeveloped nations where the financial crisis pushes them to immigrate. Policies which include the rules of free trade actually serve as a burden sooner than reliefs for the poor countries making them dip into poverty even more. These underdeveloped nations gestate debts to pay off and more of their income goes into actually paying the interest of these debts. Moreover the developed nations do pledge to assist these countries by providing them promote but these developed countries never reach their set goal. The people living in these countries are go forth with no options and the final ray of hope for them is immigration. It is the only way for them to lead a better biography ahead. America is the country of immigrants. Friedman (2006 ) explains the results of a study carried out by the National Academy of Sciences that immediate descendents refund $80,000 in excess of what they play as benefits in taxes in their whole life. Approximately 15% of the list labor force of America comprises of immigrants and terminating their services would reduce the output of the country by $1 trillion. The organic agricultural industry can be distributed equally in domestic and immigrant workers in terms of community (Friedman, 2006). Immigration can also serve to be beneficial for the countries where these people migrate. This is because the developed nations like America have more of an aging population which they have to cater. The taxes paid by immigrants in America are helpful in upholding the social security and health expenses of this ageing population. Another cause is the decreased fork over rates in these nations. This results in low skilled labor and hence immigrants can serve to play in these gaps. Also the immi grants pay higher taxes comparatively and this can serve to compensate for the amount infallible to cater to the aged. Thus, immigration serves to promote the betterment of the immigrants as well as proves to be beneficial to the providence of the host nation. America also benefits from these impacts of immigrants (Fienleib & Warner, 2005). With immigration there is development and understanding of other cultures and religions. The immigrants receive a chance of adapting according to the culture of the country where they have migrated. On the other hand the nationals of that country receive a chance to view the unlike cultures of the world and analyze them. America is culturally rich and is al-Qaeda to the immigrants from different parts of the world. This assists in the promotion of harmony in the U.S., as people from two different regions learn to live together and are exposed to different views and perspectives of the world. Thus immigration assists in broaden the human mind (Gabaccia 2002, pp. 8-15). Despite of this understanding there has been much opposition to the policy of immigration and immigrants have to face racism in the host country. The opponents argue that the immigrants actually take up the US aborigine citizens jobs and the result is lower employment for them (Borjas 2001, p. 63). This point has been argued against as it has been analyzed the economic impact of immigration is not great and immigrants serve in to fill many vacant places and assist in boosting the income as a whole. Opponents also

Conflict Management neogotiation strategies slp 4 Essay

Conflict Management neogotiation strategies slp 4 - Essay Example succeeding(a) this the employees argon take to face the customers at the counters. There be a total of seven counters of which broadly two counters are open during a normal day. On days of high volumes, the other counters are also opened and the employees working at the back bar sorting the letter desire to weigh control of the counters.The issue faced here is that in that respect are no clear shifts that are provided to the employees and the duties of who need to be at the counters are not fixed by the management. Due to this, the employees face a broad conflict among themselves. There is a higher demand for the number of people at the back end working on sorting of the mails however the people willing to work in the section are low and this causes an imbalance and issue at the organization very often. The parties involved here are the team leaders versus the employees.The negotiation was done where the manage rs came to a final timetable of the work of the employees and decided the division of work which is required to be followed on a daily basis. I am on the side of the manager and it was the closing of the manager to deal with the team leader and plan out a clear cut end of the timetable for each employee on a daily basis. Before the negotiation Took place, the team leader, manager have held meetings to discuss the cases of the employees and to gain a complete details of the employees. These fell under the pre negotiation steps, based on which the timetables were formulate and the required strategy and preparation have been made. The only emotional reaction for the negotiating table was of an individual with a serious injury and disability. This individual found it difficult to work on the stocks and customer facing. Hence there was an exception made for the case and the rest of the employees were provided with a set timetable. These proposals were

Contribution of 2010 World Cup To Local Businesses Term Paper

Contribution of 2010 World Cup To Local Businesses - Term Paper ExampleThe main(prenominal) area of consideration in this review is the impact on local lineagees. There are several(prenominal) expenses incurred during preparation and several benefits result from the events according to Maennig & Zimbalist (2012). The first article by Andrew Carlson discusses the heavy spending during the stadia construction. The government activity spent several million for the stadia at the expense of local projects. The tournament attracted investment from foreign companies and local companies were excluded from participating at the event. The big companies benefited from the constructions and FIFA partnerships. The second article discusses the marginalization and injustices experienced by informal traders. They were determined out of the cities and the municipality authorities increased the licensing fee. This locked out several traders from benefiting from the event. Some of their goods wer e confiscated by the authorities and some traders were arrested. Workers in the construction companies were similarly underpaid. The third article focuses on the benefits brought about by the link between the beachfront and the scene of action in Durban. These infrastructural developments brought both positive and negative effects on local businesses in Durban. The transport business was modifyd, and there were short term job opportunities. Negative effects such as criminal activities were also attributed to the tournament. From Carlson, A. (2010). A Theoretical Analysis of South African Identity and Audience for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Preamble, 6, 1-18 Carlson discusses the impact of the public cup on the countrys identity. The world cup was a historic event that would substitute the image of the country and continent in the global economy. The world cup is defined as a mega event that has both long term effects, both positive and negative. The government hoped to alleviate poverty levels and emanation its economic development agenda. The expected economic windfall was more compelling for the country to host the tournament as suggested by Matheson and Baade (2004). Carlson examines the identity and negotiation in the postmodern era. Some of the impacts were increased tourism, improvement of infrastructure, and short-run business growth. Infrastructure improvement and job creation occurred at the expense of local projects and finances. The aim was to improve the national pride and unity. The country was required to construct stadiums that met the FIFA standards. This meant constructing new stadia instead of renovating the existing stadia in the country. In Cape Town, the government had to forego the smaller and accessible Athlone stadium and construct a larger gullible draw a bead on stadium. Athlone is the home to Ajax football club. It is located on the Cape Flats, which would increase accessibility for local fans. The unripened Point stadium was more expensive than Athlone upgrades. This construction cost was borne by the local municipality and the government. However, Green Point provided a better view of the ocean and Table Mountain. This construction was aimed at enhancing the World Cup take account instead of contributing to the development of the local area according to Alegi (2007). Several companies were given contracts for the construction work. These companies benefitted from millions of rand dumbfound aside for the stadia projects.

Leadership Challenges in Virtual Teams Research Proposal

Leadership Challenges in Virtual Teams - Research Proposal ExampleThis discussion explores that virtual groups dupe gained a lot of prominence in various institutions due to the proliferation of information technology in business. Therefore, medium, low-down and large organizations may adopt this approach to project work depending on their goals.This report descusses that The size and geographic dispersion of these companies warrants special attention in the study. These organizations select virtual teams in order to minimize toll and time wastage associated with bringing all members of the group together. Some generation experts may be located in incompatible areas, so virtualization allows professionals to make their contributions across great distances. The method also enhances decision making, productivity and response times to tasks. It adds flexibility to the work process and brings about innovation processes transnationally. When developing conceptual understandings of a problem, these groups often difference to come to an agreement. It is difficult to control and monitor activities in these teams. Such groups must follow through on decisions in a structured way. The model is vulnerable to communication breakdowns, power struggles and mistrust. The distance between these team members creates challenges in project management. Technophobia is a real problem for companies using virtual teams and so is cultural diversity. Issues concerning divergence management may also be difficult in this set up. 2. Problem statemen

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy - Essay ExampleUnder the following section, each(prenominal) quadrant is briefly discussed, followed by their causal linkages and last part of this article provides a nine-step framework to give out such equilibrize scorecard remains in technology-based organization. Analysis As mentioned-above equilibrize scorecard, system flora based on four perspective such as organization cleverness, internal processes, customers and financial perspective. organizational capacity relates to the concept of increasing the capacity of the business such as production capacity, material capacity, take in capacity, etc. In order to meet the demands from the customers, it is essential that the organization must thrust sufficient capacity to fulfill that order. Internal processes relates to the concept of how effectively the organization can perform a certain occupancy or fulfill customers demand for instance. How departments atomic number 18 managed and integrated, how internal controls work together, etc. ar the core issues highlighted through internal processes. Third perspective solely relates to customers. Customers ar most important stakeholders of either business such that their preferences, tastes, dispositions, likes and dislikes, etc. paly a profound role in developing the most tolerable business strategies. From this perspective, the organization needs to assess the current demands of the customer, how to satisfy them, how to cover their loyalty, how to provide after-sales services to them, etc. are focused through this perspective. Last, but probably the most important perspective of a balanced scorecard is the financial perspective such that every organization needs to improve its financial functioning and position. For this purpose, the organizations use financial ratio analysis as a technique of evaluating their performances. Some important financial ratios under this perspective include return on enthrone ment, return on assets, return on equity, give notice profit margin, etc. Challenges faced by Technology Organizations Before establishing the causal linkage between the balanced scorecard perspectives within the technology organizations, it is of crucial importance that the characteristics of technology organization are studies first. Technology organizations are the ones which can be differentiated from other organizations especially in terms of challenges that they face (Rohm and Moinoski, n.d.). Following are some of the typical challenges faced by the technology-based organizations Their product cycles constantly and rapidly contract. They constantly have to recruit, retain and reward the best technology talent. These organizations have to make and communicate the timely and critical decisions relating to product development. They have to track the customers perspectives such that they have to track the customers featured demands and their fit models. They have to deal with d isruptive technologies which can, not only wrap up the product but the inherent business. Integration of Causal Chain Keeping in mind the above challenges that technology-based organizations face, the balanced scorecard system is developed through a strategy. The strategy can be referred as integration of causal grasp between these four perspectives of balanced scorecard (BSI, 2007). This strategy aims at developing the organizational capacity first. The investment in organizational ca

Distress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Distress - Essay ExampleShe root felt the lump in her mamilla a month prior to admission. She was advised by her GP to have a mammography and the tests revealed that she had a hand in her breast. Further laboratory testing revealed that the mass was malignant and that cancer cells have already metastasized to her liver. She was nowadays scheduled for double mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy. After the surgery, it was discove crimson that cancer cells as well as metastasized to her colon. A nonher surgery is being scheduled to resect the mass in her colon. She is now shadeing a lot of distress, mainly because of her children and her family. She is besides feeling distress because of her impending surgery and her chances of beating the disease. She fears also the chemotherapy which may or may not work. She more often than not fears for the people she will leave behind, who will take care of them, and guide them as children and as young adults. She is also distressing abou t the pain she knows she might experience as her disease would progress. And finally, she is also distressing about whether or not the medical remedies they are using would work in managing her symptoms and in possibly prolonging her life. She is in a constant state of anxiety, at clock she is tearful, and at other times she is panicking. She often wrings her fingers in an obvious state of agitation and concern for her family. She also sometimes displays anger at no one in particular. At which time, she would snap at her health care givers and even at her family members. She often immediately regrets these incidents and would cry about them. At times, she would be sad and melancholy and mostly just insist on sleeping. She would also manifest a brooding and contemplative attitude these times often lead to moments of worry and of anxiety about herself and her familys future. She also tries to comfort her family members and just canvas to be strong for them but undeniably, there are times when she is very much agitated and skittish about her condition. During these times, she registers with elevated heart rates, breathing rates, and blood pressure rates. She has had no major medical problems. preceding to giving birth to her first child, she has had no history of hospitalization. She is slightly overweight, but not overly so. She has no history of drug and alcohol abuse. She is not a smoker, and only indulges on a glass of red wine during weekends. She tries her best to celebrate a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables, but she has not been able to maintain such a diet because her children are picky eaters and they dislike vegetables. Her diet mostly consists of rice, red meat, crybaby breads potatoes, peas, carrots, fish, legumes, and fastfoods. She was diagnosed with hyperglycemia a year prior to her current admission, but such issue was resolved at heart one month of taking medications. She has had normal pregnancies for her three children and has carr ied them all to term. Her menstrual periods have been regular since she first had them but about a year ago, she started to miss periods. She did not have herself checked because she thought she was already going into menopause. She also experienced some tenderness in her breasts 2 months ago, but she did not feel much pain from the tenderness so she again did not go to her GP for consult. She felt ridiculous and nauseated two weeks prior to admission and sought her GP for a consult. She was given medications for a gestate virus. After a day of taking the medications,

Case Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Analysis - Article ExampleI value semi populace administration is an integrating science which means it consists of a number of several disciplines working as one, and as such, public administrators should be concerned mainly with theory and practice (Hamel & Breen, 2007). Therefore, I see public administration as a science because knowledge is generated and evaluated according to the scientific principles as evident in the case.Public administration is also concerned with human resource management which is an in-house structure that mainly functions to run into that public service staffing is done in an unbiased, ethical and values-based manner without favoritism. The basic functions of the HR system leave alone include employee benefits and training of employees. Further, organizational theory in Public administration which is the study of the structure of governmental entities and the many particulars put into them. Administrative ethics in public administration serves as an approach to closing making. Additionally, policy analysis serves as a guide to decision making. More so, public budgeting is the activity inwardly a government that allocates scarce resources among unlimited and varied demands. In this case, the main administrative principles such as openness and transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness reliability and predictability are missing because of biasness (Kumar & Sharma, 2000).I think, without public administration, the government cannot exit and manage own activities effectively and efficiently as required. The administration plays a vital and crucial business office for delivering and distributing the public services to all corners of the country. Administration spreads all over the country for supplying the governmental and public goods and services up to the countryside from the urban centers and to rural areas. Public administration is very significant

Case study on abercrombie and fitch Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

On abercrombie and fitch - Case Study ExampleA merchandise strategy in any business is a tool to a competitive advantage. It refers to setting the merchandise plans, objectives and working towards market share. Marketing strategies are dynamic due to the different circumstances or environments companies do business. It is then necessary for a marketing manager to scan the environment before laying the almost appropriate marketing strategy. The scan is conducted for both internal and external environments. In the internal environment, a marketing manager entrust concord to consider the marketing mix, performance and any possible constraints that affect its carrying out (Roederer, 2013).The most effective marketing strategy features market part, targeting and then product differentiation or positioning. The branch step is dividing the market into subsets of consumers with common needs. Consumer grouping is possible through the following segmenting the market. First, market can be segmented geographically, which gives precise features and common characteristics determining the needs of consumers in that particular region. Rainy regions go away have high demand for raincoats and gumboots while hot regions will be in great need of summer clothing. Second, segment using variables like age, education and gender that is referred to demographic segmentation (Roederer, 2013).Third, there is behavioral segmentation whereby customers are grouped according to their usage rates and attitudes. The subset then gives the demand level. Fourth, cultural segmentation will consider putting together customer with same belief and moral values. The marketing manager will also be able to understand different culture preferences to provide only what is acceptable in a particular culture.Market segmentation gives some information about the potential customers. The data is usable in defining the target market. Using such data, the marketing manager can know what is indispensa ble

Collaboration Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Collaboration Project - assignment ExampleI can still remember our conversations very late at night when we were suppositional to be sleeping and our mom coming in to scold us for still beingness awake. We divided secrets that we swore we would never tell anyone and to this day as far as I know we have kept this promise. As we grew older I graduated from proud school and started college while she was still in high school. We still remained close since my school was near to our neighborhood where I could commute. However, both of us became increasingly lively and we found ourselves spending less sequence communicating and interacting with each early(a). Before long, I was married and got my firstborn ten months after wedding date. My sister was still unmarried and living the single life only ifton out after work whenever she wished. In retrospect, I think I was a little avaricious of her carefree lifestyle because I faced responsibilities of taking care of my family. I qu it my job in order to stay home and take care of my baby and my husband whom I love dearly. I would not have had it any other way, but I had a hard time adjusting to being at home every day. At this point in time we only saw each other about once every two to three weeks because although my family visited my mother with whom my sister still lived, she was merely ever home when we were there. This is how it was for about fourteen years until she met and got married to her husband. She too, had a child within a year. Now that she was married and had a daughter that she stayed home to raise, she postulateed us to spend time unneurotic but by then I was the one who was busy. I was working part-time and running every(prenominal) over town with my boys driving them to games or picking them up from after school activities. We talked through the band but I always had to cut the conversation short to do something. My sister could not run into why I could shorten our conversation. Accor ding to her, now that she was at home, she could like us to spend time more time together but as for me, I had other more activities to attend. She grew resentful and it reached a point where she accused me of not being welcoming especially to her husband. Her accusation haunted very such(prenominal) and this made me angry and totally changed my attitude towards her. The unveiling events started to strain my relationship with my sister and we kept outmatch for a couple of years. I commenced this project in order to improve my relationship with my sister and distort to restore the closeness we once had. I knew things would not change unless I put forth the driving force to reconnect with my sister. I needed to let go of the past and let bygones be bygones. I needed to spend time listening to what she had to say as well as to spend quality time with her and her family. I found it necessary to start expressing myself clearly in order to eliminate and misunderstandings not only with my sister, but others with whom I interact. I also indirect requested to become less critical and more accepting of other peoples viewpoints and opinions. I intended to self-monitor to be certain that I was heading in the redress direction toward achieving these goals. The hardest part of this project was getting started by reaching out to my sister. I didnt want her to know she was part of a research project for grad school and I didnt want her to become suspicious either. So, I initiated contact by emailing her and including a recipe I thought she baron like to try. Goals and objectives Before the end of this collaboration, I had some objectives to

Strategic management of Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic management of Samsung - Essay object lessonWhile the go with has diversified into several areas, it is still working hard to maintain market leaders in its core business. It was ranked first in the television industry according to its market share. Furthermore, the brass instrument enjoyed similar rankings in the mobile segment owing to its investment in smart ph superstars. Despite tout ensemble this, rivalry in the telecom business has put Samsung under intense financial stress. It may be leading in the industry but has lost some market share (Refer to appendix 2 on the situational analysis) when cable unanimouss entered the touchtone phone, TV and PC market. Some of the new transmutations from the company are more fictile than previous products. For instance, Samsungs version of the Android device is more compatible with current software in the market. Market leaders like Apple are worried about this capability because their products lack the aforementioned(preno minal) features. Furthermore, the company now uses second mover advantage to address the flaws that were inherent in older products. It has worked on features such as security to make its devices stand out (Reed, 2013). The organisation has a reputation for innovation across new and existing product segments. In the year 2012, it recruited several researchers and innovators. This translated to the registration of over 5,000 patents in that year. For these reasons, the company got the first runner up position in the top US patented companies. Samsung has garnered a series of awards for its impressive performance. In Europe, it got four awards from EISA, which is an award program for audio and video industry players (Samsung, 2013). In theory, companies may also adopt a green strategy option that depends on technology, carbon use, and consumer recycle patterns among others (Kipley et. al., 2012). Samsung received recognition from the best Global Brands portfolio as it was ranked 9th i n the industry. The latter achievement stemmed from its sponsorship of the London 2012 Olympics. Other corporate sponsorship initiatives assimilate also been on the organisations priority list. The firms commitment to corporate social responsibility is undisputed. It engages in a recycling program at heart its manufacturing sites. This move is in line with current environmental preferences for clean manufacture (Refer to appendix 5 on PESTLE analysis). Furthermore, it has committed to environmental protection by avoiding PVCs and other harmful materials (Guardian, 2012).These approaches may also let on a company sustainable advantage according to green strategy theorists. Production within the company is also something worth noting. Samsung manages to keep its yield costs down due to its choice of manufacturing centres. Since the firm is Asian-based, it is at a unique position to select cheap countries for manufacture. This has caused it to enjoy comfortable profit margins that emanate from controlled production costs. The global nature of the firm makes it poised to make such a choice. Operation costs have also been kept down by the organisations strong bargaining power. The company has colossal clout over its suppliers in the semiconductor, mobile phone and television set industries. This allows it to negotiate with such brands and therefrom establish lucrative ways of dealing with the differences. The latter move may be defined as cost leadership. Michael Porter identified certain generic strategies that companies may engage in, and cost leadership is one of them (Porter, 2008). Here, organisations reduce their

Tiresias the blind prophet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tiresias the blind prophet - Research Paper ExampleThere are diverse versions of how Tiresias became blind. One version says that he was blinded by the goddess, Athena because he saw her nakedness when she was winning her bath (Watling 17) some other story says that he was blinded by the goddess wife of Zeus, Hera as he evoke her by saying that women had nine times more pleasure than men when making love and another one says that he was blinded by the gods for disclosing their secrets (Hyginus, Fabulae 75). Zeus compensated Tiresias by granting him long life and a gift of fore messiness after his wife, Hera had blinded him.Another legend has it that, the gift of prophecy of Tiresias was bestowed on him by Athena in compensation of his lost sight after his mother Chariclo pleaded to Athena to restore his sight (Watling). When Tiresias was transformed to a wo serviceman, he married and had children and one of them, Manto was also endowed with the gift of prophecy (Sophocles).Tiresi as was a mysterious being in the sense that at a point in his life, he was a man and at another point, he was transformed into a woman. Due to the fact that Tiresias made his house as a great prophet, his name was a common title for soothsayers throughout Greek known history.(Graves 105).Tiresias played a great role in Sophocles Oedipus the King and he was of great importance as his relevance in the play was without doubt. When Oedipus the king needed help, it was Tiresias that he could call, as Oedipus needed him to reveal the soul that killed his father, Laius, a man that Oedipus never knew was his father at that point. Tiresias started his revelation by stating that I tell you this the man youve searched for all along with threats and fanfares for the murder of King Laius- that man, I say, is here. (Sophocles 41). It was Tiresias that eventually told Oedipus that he was the one that killed his father inadvertently and this represented a twist in the play as the

Surface Chemistry Essay Example for Free

climb Chemistry EssayIt is the phenomenon in which a substance is uniformly distributed all over the come along. Difference among surface assimilation and absorption Absorption (i) It is the phenomenon in which a substance is uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of the solid. (ii) It is a bulk phenomenon. (iii) The concentration is uniform throughout the bulk of solid. Adsorption (i) The accumulation of molecular species at the muster rather than in the bulk of a solid or liquid is termed as surface assimilation. (ii) It is a ascend phenomenon. (iii) The concentration of adsorbate sum ups only at the surface of the adsorbent. 7. 8.Sorption When surface assimilation and absorption take place simultaneously, it is called sorption. henry or heat of adsorption Adsorption generally occurs with release in energy, i. e. , it is exothermic in constitution. The enthalpy change for the adsorption of one mole of an adsorbate on the surface of adsorbent is called enthalpy or heat of adsorption. 9. Types of adsorption Get the Power of Visual stir on your stead Log on to www. topperlearning. com 2 a. Physical adsorption or physisorption If the adsorbate is held on a surface of adsorbent by weak van der Waals forces, the adsorption is called physical adsorption or physisorption. . Chemical adsorption or chemisorption If the forces holding the adsorbate are as strong as in chemical bonds, the adsorption suffice is known as chemical adsorption of chemisorption.It is highly specific (ii) It is irreversible (iii) The amount of gas adsorbed is not related to critical temperature of the gas. Physical adsorption (Physisorption) (i) It is non-specific (ii) It is reversible (iii) The amount of gas depends upon nature of gas, i. e. easily liquid gases like NH3, CO2, gas adsorbed to greater finish than H2 and He. soaringer the critical temperature of gas, more than will be the extent of adsorption. (iv) The extent of adsorption increases with increase in sur face area, e. g. porous and finely divided metals are levelheaded adsorbents. (v) There are weak van der Waals forces of attraction between adsorbate and adsorbent. (vi) It has low enthalpy of adsorption (20 40 kJ mol-1) (vii) Low temperature is favourable. (viii) No appreciable activation energy is needed. (ix) It forms multimolecular layers. 11. (iv) It also increases with increase in surface area. v) There is strong force of attraction similar to chemical bond. (vi) It has enthalpy heat of adsorption.High temperature is favourable. (viii) High activation energy is sometimes needed. (ix) It forms unimolecuar layers. Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids a. constitution of adsorbate Physical adsorption is non-specific in nature and therefore every gas gets adsorbed on the surface of any solid to a lesser or greater extent. However, easily liquefiable gases like NH3. HCl, CO2, etc. which have higher critical temperatures are absorbed to greater extent whereas H 2, O2, N 2 etc. re adsorbed to lesser extent. The chemical adsorption being highly specific, therefore, a gas gets adsorbed Get the Power of Visual Impact on your side Log on to www. topperlearning. com 3 on specific solid only if it enters into chemical combination with it. b. Nature of adsorbent Activated carbon, metal oxides like aluminum oxide, silica gel and clay are normally used adsorbents. They have their specific adsorption properties depending upon pores. c. Specific area of the adsorbent The greater the specific area, more will be the extent of adsorption.That is why porous or finely divided forms of adsorbents adsorb big quantities of adsorbate. The pores should be large enough to allow the gas molecules to enter. d. Pressure of the gas Physical adsorption increases with increase in extort. 12. Adsorption isotherm The variation in the amount of gas adsorbed by the adsorbent with pressure at constant temperature can be expressed by means of a curve is termed as adsorption isothe rm. 13. Freundlich Adsorption isotherm The relationship between x and m pressure of the gas at constant temperature is called adsorption isotherm and is given by ? k P 1 /n (n ? 1) m Where x- mass of the gas adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent and the gas at a particular temperature k and n depends upon the nature of gas and the solid x first increases with increase in pressure at low pressure but becomes m independent of pressure at high pressure. Get the Power of Visual Impact on your side Log on to www. topperlearning.

The Fire Inside Me Essay Example for Free

The Fire Inside Me EssayA visible light has been lit inside of me. It has be go up attached to my body, creating a complete that will soon watch me. There are things I do want out of life for myself, and this plague is there for that reason. The set up forces me to achieve all of my goals. The clear started as all fires startthe tiniest spark. I could tell from the pinch- resembling pain that the spark landed right above my smaller intestine, right in the pit of my stomach. With each goal I set for myself, the fire grows stronger, hotter, and brighter than ever before.I want to go to college, and with that thought to myself, I can nip the fire grow inside of me. The faint smell of smoke that would make one reminisce a childhood campfire appears in my nostrils. My skin grows clarifiedly warmer, and my once calm down, wet, clammy palms have suddenly become cool and dry. I want to be valedictorian, and in less than a minute, I can feel the footling fire grow larger, enve loping my stomach, liver, gall bladder, and spleen. The fire has grown to the size where one could see an array of colors orange, red, yellow, and the faintest blue-tinge located in the center of the fire.I want to win states for soccer immediately the fire increases in size yet again, this time consuming my lungs, muscles, and bones it takes control of my intestines, esophagus and kidneys. With all(prenominal) give-up the ghost I put forth, I feel dark black smoke rise through my trachea and slowly drip out of my nostrils, exit only the smell of smoke, and the sight of black vapor wisping in front of my eyes. My eyes that were once blue have slowly began to turn red, as if to show others of the fire that consumes methe fire that drives me.The flames tendrils whip around my heart and brain, c meet enough to cook my two-most-vital organs. With every piece of food I eat, the taste of charcoal rises to my lips and tongue, giving me no more enjoyment in either eating or inebriatio ning. I have become permanently dehydrated because everything I drink soon turns to vapor due to the heat. No longer am I cold, or even warm, hardly am at one time hot to the touch. I will be successful, and with this goal, the fire completely envelops me.The heat in my body could raise the temperature of the Arctic Circle by a few degrees. I can now hear the sound of my organs sizzling, crackling, and popping in the intense heat. The fire is now displayed in bright shades of blue, light and dark, purple, a vibrant yellow, a spectacular red, and a bright orange. The sight of my fire would be enough to put to shame any sunrise or sunset. With every breath I take, the air is immediately lost, used instead to fuel the fire. The fire that now consumes me has become a fortune of me.It lives inside me and forces my thoughts to be centered. The fire no longer causes pain for me, as I have come to accept my fire, my passion and drive. Soon, with me slowly accomplishing my goals one by o ne, it sedate chargees me onward. It makes it so that I can push past any obstacle in front of me. The fire allows me to see that I will be successful and that I will achieve all my lifes goals. I sometimes cannot encourage wondering if Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, or any other great history-maker had a fire of their own much like this.I understand that the fire will one day diminish. It will once again lose control over my body, leaving behind only black colored organs, the minor smell of smoke, and the slight taste of charcoal. Soon, the fire will become only a spark once again leaving the remainder of my fire to dissipate in the last smoke vapor to leave my burnt nostrils. scarcely for now, the fire still fuels me. For now, if one would look closely enough, past the burnt hair, the blackened organs, and the pulsating red eyes, they would still be able to see that tiny spark.

International studies Essay Example for Free

international studies Essay1. Business and Economics hebdomad 4 Theories of International Trade and Investment2. Mercantilism is a bankrupt supposition that has no place in the raw world. Discuss.3. Mercantilism a country should maintain a trade surplus, even if that means that imports are bound by government intervention. Bankrupt theory because Inconsistent with the general notion of globalization. Eventually, a country provide find it difficult to export if it imposes oppressive quotas and tariffs on its imports. Consumers in the mercantilist country suffer. Denied access to either cheaper or more sophisticated goods from other countries. 4. Is let off trade fair? Discuss.5. Trade theory suggests that specialization and free trade benefits all countries. However, a case can be made in some situations for frightful trade barriers. E.g. Infant industry argument National security6.What are the potential costs of adopting a free trade regime? Do you think governments should do anything to reduce these costs? What?7. Job passage Government should provide retraining programs OR Do nothing, it will all come out in the wash8. THE RISE OF BANGLADESHS TEXTILE TRADE (PG. 206) CLOSING CASE9. Why was the shift to a free trade regime in the textile industry good for Bangladesh?10. Until 2005, Bangladeshs opportunities in the substantial nations were governed by a quota system. Introduction of free trade policies enabled Bangladesh to increase its exports. Competitive advantage in the payoff of textiles. modest cost, productive labour force. strong network of supporting industries. Also, attracted Western importers looking to diversify their supplier sales booth.11. Who benefits when retailers in the United States source textiles from low wage countries such as Bangladesh? Who might lose? Do the gains outweigh the losses?12. BANGLADESH low cost, lower footing competitive advantage US Higher price fewer garments purchased locally Possible job los s13. What international trade theory, or theories, best beg off the rise of Bangladesh as a textile exporting powerhouse?14. Exporting powerhouse Relatively low wages. Investments in boosting productivity levels. Network of supporting industries. Theory of comparative advantage Porters theory of competitive advantage15. How secure is Bangladeshs textile industry from foreign competition? Whatfactors could ultimately bakshish to a decline?16. Bangladesh is attractive due to low cost garments the opportunity for importers to diversify their supply base (Importers do not want to solely rely on China and see Importers do not want to solely rely on China and see Bangladesh as an attractive alternative to border risks. However, their infrastructure could prove to be problematic for its exporters. If importers find that infrastructure problems disrupt their supplies, they could begin to look for refreshful source countries. Bangladesh should make the necessary investments to a void any disruptions in the industry.17. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK NEXT WEEK

Deborah Moggach uses humour to address social issues consider how she does this, paying particular attention to her use of language Essay Example for Free

Deborah Moggach accustoms humour to quotation fond identification numbers consider how she does this, compriseing particular attention to her use of language Essayn this essay I will look at how Deborah Moggach uses humour to address favorable issues. I will give my own opinion and I will excessively pay particular attention to her use of language.In this essay I will focus on fuck off for discern by Deborah Moggach, she addresses the social issues of over-the-hiller women having a relationship with moderner men. In this bilgewater on that point is a middle age mother with two teenagers and she found a 26 year old man for a relationship finished her day time job in a drop off room. Deborah Moggach uses humour to address a social issue a number of times throughout the story. The source time we see this is when Deborah Moggach the 26 year old man ask Esther out, want to help me demoralise a Christmas present for my mum. This is used as a social issue as he is askin g to spend time with her. However the humour comes in later when Deborah Moggach says but did he secure want the advice of mature woman. This makes the audience think and brings reality into the story and reminds us of Esthers age. We ar reminded by the small mans age later on in the story through humour when Esther is telling him about the state of her sons bedroom until she realise he is young himself you couldnt complain about adolescents to somebody who was practically one himself.This humour is shown as it is as if Esther is relating the young man of her dreams to her son. Deborah Moggach then uses humour when she gets into how Esther feels about how long it had been since she had fallen in love again and Since she had shaved her legs every single day. This humour is shown to emphasis what it is like to fall in love and what ladies do on a daily bases to show that they care top their man. This is also linked to a social issue as it is the reason she is shaving her legs on a daily bases for the social aspect of comprehend the man.In the sixth paragraph of fool for love, Deborah Moggach uses humour by saying she had lent him 10-he never had any money-and he still paid her back. This is used in a social issue as they are socialising together more carefully now as the story goes on. This is also humours as people can relate towards it and it shows that he cares for his feelings and cares for her.Fool for love by Deborah Moggach is a story that people are able to relate to well. It seems to be that everyone has fallen in love and had ups and downs, whether they would die to be with them for the rest of their lives or be with them for a period of time. Fool for love emphasises just how strong love can be and how powerful it is to some people and this is how people are able to relate towards the story. mood for a social issues is used a lot of the time throughout the story as a mature woman with a younger man does happen it is not too common which gives Deb orah Moggach the perfect(a) chance to play with the writing and ass humour into the story. Fool for love is all about social issues with Esther meeting a new young man at work to meeting her son from the airport. I lot of the things that Esther does is because of a social issue and how she wants to come across to people when being social able.

Scene Analysis of Twelfth Night Essay Example for Free

Scene synopsis of Twelfth Night EssayFeste, the Fool, block outs himself as Sir Topas, a priest, and visits Malvolio in his imprisonment, under direction of Maria and Sir toby fillpot jug. Malvolio is alleviated to hear the voice of the priest and believes the priest index release him from his prison. Malvolio makes the claim that he is not fey and is wrongly imprisoned in darkness. Feste tells Malvolio that he is in a well-lit room and that the darkness is simply ignorance. Sir Toby becomes afraid that if this jest goes on for any longer, Olivia, his niece might kick him out of her house. Sir Toby urges Feste to talk to Malvolio as himself. Feste, however, is having a bit of fun with his new alter ego. Feste begins talking to Malvolio as himself, but he begins development both personas in the conversation. Malvolio still urges Feste that he is sane and asks Feste to bring him a pen, some paper and a light. Feste offers to retrieve the requested items. 3. This circumstanc e deals directly with the ideas of identity and insanity found throughout the reanimate. Feste dresses resembling a priest in order to assume the identity of Sir Topas. However, Malvolio is in darkness and is incapable of seeing Feste.The disguise is not needed, but the usage of the disguise points to identity being a direct result of face-to-face appearance. Feste must dress as a priest in order to act like a priest. Previously, Malvolio dressed rather absurdly and was, by the same logic inherent in Festes costuming, insane. The scene also changes the audiences perception of Malvolio. Earlier in the play, Malvolios character is a softened burden of sobriety on the community. As such a character, his humiliation seems warranted. In this scene, however, he is helpless. Feste treats Malvolio like a toy and attempts to convince him that he is truly insane. . The scenes location in the play breaks up the action involving Sebastian in the first and third scenes of Act IV.This scenes tone is luminance and comical in what would be a more serious act. It also adds the perspective of a apprize passage of time between the two Sebastian scenes, thus allowing Olivias character to depart and collect the priest that is to marry her to Sebastian. 5. This scene directly affects the tone of the final act of the play. Malvolios resistance to Feste as the patsy insists he is mad helps portray Malvolio as he sole person that is fully aware of his proclaim identity. Malvolio knows that he is sane, whereas insanity holds onto other more frenetic characters. His stalwart sanity makes him incapable of letting drink down his guard and joining in the fun. At the plays close, Malvolio finds out that Olivia did not write the do it note, and his imprisonment was the result of a practical joke. If Malvolio were capable of buying into Festes claims that he was insane, he might have been more accepting of the joke. Instead, he claims he will have his revenge and adds a flex tone t o the ending of the play.

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Postgraduate Degree Statement of Purpose EssayWhy I want to engage Masters in Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Swinburne UniversityI decided to pursue a masters degree to strengthen my path in entrepreneurship and to eventually become a successful loving entrepreneur.I started out my career as a graphic designer, despite my achievements in work I evermore feel an urge to start my own business and serve the community at large. On that sum up I started a juvenile beginning for myself, first by teaching at a university and volunteering for neighborly works. Second, with a partner I established a small independent coffee shop helping as a creative community hub and promoting homegrown coffee. I discover that I love the new activities that Im doing. While acknowledging an even bigger aspiration to be a social entrepreneur, I became aware that it takes more than guts, street savvies and accounting books to actually run a business smoothly.My decision to get going this degree abroad is because I believe to be a future leader in whatsoever field one demand to have a broad mind and to be exposed with assorted culture and way of thinking. I choose Australia not only because of its close ties with Indonesia, but also the commonwealths friendliness and multiculturalism.I was delighted to find out the Swinburne has the exact program that is suitable for my needs with, and I was more thrilled to know the Master of Entrepreneurship and Innovation has a social entrepreneurship stream option. I am confident that getting an Masters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation will not only increase my skills and dominance in business, but also give me an edge for me to set up new ventures in social entrepreneurship. I hope you will give me the privilege to continue my studies at your institution.

Prevalence of One Party Rule in African States Essay Example for Free

prevalence of One ships comp some(prenominal) Rule in African States EssayAfrica, often known as the grisly Continent rightfully occupies its place as the Cradle of Civilization as the first human races stool been known to originate from this continent of diverse ethnicities, tribes and clans. Since ancient times, the very nature of African society predicated organization of kingdoms and acress centered on ethnicities and clans. Later, the advent of colonialism brought to Africa new forms of presidency, which included democratization, socialism, communism and dictatorships.One enduring feature of African expressive style of judicature has been the prevalence of wholeness company govern in about African countries. This composing examines why at that place is such a preference for such face-by-case party model of establishment in Africa. To fully examine the subject, this paper shall first provide a historical overview of the progression of styles of governa nce in Africa and indeed examine the trends in major countries that make up the African continent. The paper provide argue that the intrinsic nature of the African society and the effects of colonialism predispose them to following a maven party recipe.Historical Overview Africa is the originations second largest continent both in terms of coat and population and has 54 countries many of which are struggling democracies, a hardly a(prenominal) commie regimes, and a flesh of authoritarian regimes bordering on dictatorship. Since ancient times, Africa had its indigenous establishments of governance human footd on tribes and ethnic affinities. Africa in like manner had majuscule civilizations like the Egyptian civilization in 3300 B. C (Martin OMeara, 1995, p. 79).The earliest foreign learn came in 814 B. C. with the inception of Carthage in demo day Tunisia down the stairs the Roman Empire which was followed by Persian domination of Egypt. In 332 B. C. , Alexander th e Great replaced the Persian domination of Egypt and Roman chance proceed in much of northwest fightd Africa till the advent of Islam in the early 7th century (Martin OMeara, p. 99). In all these cases, the style of governance was centralized, as exercised by the emperor based in Rome or Persia through an appointed sovereign.The curve was limited mostly to North Africa, eyepatch the perch of Africa was considered too difficult to traverse due to dim jungles. Thus even in North Africa, from ancient times, the focus was on one man shape and that more or less learn the North African battalion to accept models of uni-power in those times. Since the jungles were unnavigable and large number of tribes and ethnicities abounded, it was cancel that symmetry of Africa had thousands of small kingdoms, states and at times independent nomadic tribes who prevail a particular territory.Each tribe had its own set of regulatings, customs, traditions and styles of governance, which onc e more was predicated on the rule of one man or a tribal elder. The concept of Greek city-state like democracy complete with a senate and an executive was non-existence. Over time, some of the tribes became more powerful and evolved into larger settlight-emitting diode kingdoms that coalesced around standardized ethnicities and language such as the Ghanaian empire that existed in 790-1076 A. D. followed by the Mali Empire from 1230 to 1600 A. D. (Martin OMeara, p.70) The significant changes in style of governance came with the advent of colonialism. From the 18th century and by the late 19th century, most of Africa was dual-lane up between the colonial powers France, Britain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy and Nether attains. Under colonial rule, the African people had to chthoniango centralized rule of the colonial powers and the brutal suppression of any African revolt reinforced this submissiveness to a one-man rule. During the colonial period, the colonial powers bro ught with them their musical arrangements of governance, jurisprudence and legislation (Martin OMeara, p.8). Colonialism lost its vigor in the early 20th century and by 1980, most ex-colonies in Africa gained independence. The former colonial powers before exiting from the continent tried and true to put into place systems of governance in their own image. Thus across Africa, a variety of republican systems took hold. Most of these antiauthoritarian systems were basically presidential forms of politics, creation the closest approximation to what they were used to both as per their pre-colonial experience and their colonial experience.The end of the Second World War gave rise to the Cold War and the Soviet coalescency tried to expand its regul organise in Africa also. This gave rise to numerous socialist-communist regimes in Africa that were opposed by the U. S. leading to procurator wars. Having examined the broad trends of the historical period of Africa till the advent of independence, the paper will now examine particular(prenominal) examples of how prevalence of one party rule exists in Africa.It is not intended to cover all 54 countries, scarcely few sample countries that typify the various regions of Africa. For the ease of comprehension and brevity, Africa will be discussed to a lower place the designates North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, primal Africa and Southern Africa. North Africa North Africa because of its proximity to Asia had significant act upon of Asian and Muslim traditions superimposed on ethnic African traditions and cultures. It is because of the spread of Islam in the 7th century, most of North Africa is Muslim.Islam, an egalitarian religion is considered as a complete body of work wherein all aspects of human life including politics and governance can be practiced through the Quran, the Holy book and the Hadith, the Islamic interpretation of Jurisprudence. Under Islamic law and Islamic governmental systems, an Is lamic state is governed by a Caliph and where a Caliph no longer exists, consequently by a monarch or a ruler. Ideas such as secularism and democracy have very little congruence with the practice of governmental Islam.When such a system is overlaid over ancient tribal culture of a village head, it becomes natural that a state be ruled by a monarch or an authoritarian head and if not, the nearest approximation, a champion grouping or party. Take for example, Egypt. Egypt, since ancient times was a land ruled by the Pharaohs, then the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Ottomans and the Arabs. In the colonial era, Egypt was ruled by Britain scarcely the largely Islamic populace got independence from Britain in 1922 (Pateman El-Hamamsy, 2003, p. 28).Egypt was initially a constitutional monarchy and had adopted the British parliamentary system of government but constant policy-making interference from Britain led to internal turmoil that finally resulted in a military coup in 1952 (Pateman El-Hamamsy, p. 28) in which the monarchy was overthrown and Egypt declared itself to be a Republic under General Muhammed Naquib. Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew Naguib in 1954 to become the Egyptian President. Nasser, on assuming power banned all political parties and created a one party named the Liberation Rally to run the government.This move helped him consolidate his power and rule Egypt till his death in 1970 after which he was succeeded by Anwar El-Sadat, the vice President (Pateman El-Hamamsy, p. 29). Sadat carried out political reforms and reverted to a multi-party system (Pateman El-Hamamsy, p. 31) creating one of the parties called the subject area Democratic Party and re primary(prenominal)ed the President till he was assassinate in 1981 by a group of Egyptian army officers during an army parade (Pateman El-Hamamsy, p. 29). Sadats successor, Hosni Mubarak is salve in office since 1981 and is the bewilder attraction of the National Democratic Party.Though by the Egyptian constitution, multi-party system is allowed, due to sustained state patronage, the National Democratic Party is the precisely party which has the necessary fiscal and political clout to win elections. There are different smaller parties that have virtually no chance of winning a integrity election and till to date Egypt is essentially ruled by a single party. Libya, a British colonization was declared as a monarchy under queen Idris in 1951 but was overthrown by a revolution led by Colonel Muammer al-Gaddafi in 1969 (Wright, 1981, p.130) who has ruled the coarse ever since. Political parties were banned by Gaddafi in 1972 and the rude is ruled by the revolutionary attractor, Gaddafi aided by a extremist Committee also called as the Peoples Congress. Tunisia was a cut protectorate that became independent in 1956 and adopted a Presidential form of government, copying the French model, except that it rapidly turned into an authoritarian police state where most P residents have been military personnel.The present incumbent, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a former military officer (Perkins, 2004, p. 7). On paper, political parties are allowed but in reality, it is whole the Presidents party, the Constitutional Democratic Rally that gets almost all the seats. The rest of the political parties are usually browbeaten into submission by the states security system and there is virtually no free press. The farcical nature of Tunisian democracy can be gauged by the fact that in the 2009 presidential election, Ben Ali trustworthy 89.62% votes to continue as the President (Lowe Amara, 2009, p. 1). The ancient kingdom of Morocco, a French and Spanish Protectorate gained independence in 1956 as a constitutional monarchy, a system that continues till to date. Though the King of Morocco has a prime minister, a parliament and a multi-party system, the style of governance continues to be rule by one man, the King (Forum, 2008, p. 49). West Africa In West Africa, the posture is slightly different.Here more than Islamic influence, it was the effect of local dynamics, ethnic rivalries, Christian missionaries and communist influence that has determined the preference for single party rule. Take for example Liberia, the yet other pastoral other than Ethiopia which has an American connection rather than a European past. Liberia was created through a private American opening move to house freed African American slaves and became independent in 1847. Since, the project was American led Liberia adopted a presidential form of system.However, the American endorse Liberian elite who ruled the awkward came in deviation with 16 other indigenous ethnicities living in Liberia. Since the regime was thrust top down from the Americans, tensions chop-chop developed and a coup by a group of ethnic military soldiers led by Samuel Doe took place in 1980. Doe replaced the presidential republic with his authoritarian regime. Political partie s were allowed to exist but their freedom remained curtailed by the regime which furthered the hold of its own party, the National Democratic Party of Liberia.The 1985 election results in which the opposition Liberal Action Party win were declared invalid by Doe, which led to the Liberian Civil War in 1989. Doe was killed and the power passed into the hands of Charles Taylor (Moran, 2008, p. 106), who continued his dictatorial regime which again led to some other civil war in 1999 that continued up to 2003 and only came to halt with Charles Taylor creation forced into exile in Nigeria. From 1847 till 2003, Liberia was ruled by the Americo-Liberian elite and their single party.Since 2003, a transitional government was put into place with international intervention, which because of corruption was dissolved and fresh presidential elections were again held in 2005 and was win by Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the head of Unity Party who became the first woman President of an African countr y (Polgreen, 2005, p. 1). Nigeria got its independence from Britain in 1960 and had numerous political parties. These political parties were sharply defined along ethnic lines comprising of common chord main ethnicities the Hausa, the Igbo and the Yoruba (Rotberg, 2007, p.19). The Yoruba dominated Nigerian National Democratic Party won the elections in 1965, which led to political dissensions and instability resulting in two military coups in 1966. This did not resolve the problem as the Igbo, peremptory the Eastern region of the country declared independence from Nigeria leading to the Nigerian civil war 1967-1970 that led to over a million deaths. The civil war ended but not the ethnic conflict and the military continued to rule Nigeria with coups and assassination of the presidents being a regular feature.For thirty age, Nigeria continued under military rule till 1999 when it finally elected Lusegun Obasanjo, a former military dictator as its President. Obasanjo was re-electe d in 2003 (Rotberg, p. 13) as the President amidst allegations of rigging. Obasanjo was replaced by Umaru YarAdua of the Peoples Democratic Party in 2007 and on his demise now been replaced by Goodluck Jonathan (Nossiter, 2010, p. 1). So while the American model was adopted, the actual functioning of a presidential type of government has been a recent development in Nigerias history.At present there are two main parties in Nigeria, the ruling Peoples Democratic Party and the opposition All Nigeria Peoples Party with numerous smaller parties. What must be say is that a antiauthoritarian political system in Nigeria is still nascent and fragile and should ethnic differences arise again it will not be long that another military coup will administer place in the interests of national security. Angola became independent in 1975 after having been a Portuguese colony from the 16th century. Angolan independence came right in middle of the Cold War where Soviet influence in Africa was risi ng.The independent country was immediately plunged into a civil war between the Soviet backed Communist MPLA faction and the American backed anti-communist UNITA rebels (Sheehan, Yong, Lin, 2010, p. 38). The Angolan civil war continued for 27 years (Sheehan, Yong, Lin, p. 43) till declaration of ceasefire in 2002 by which time over 500,000 people were killed. The ideological factions had an ethnic base too wherein the MPLA comprised basically Angolans of the Kimbundu clan and the UNITA, the Ovimbundu tribe. Presently, the Communist MPLA holds power in Angola.As can be deduced, this being a communist regime with no legitimacy, the concept of political parties in a democratic system does not apply. East Africa East Africa including the Horn of Africa portrays a region of extreme instability with a few deceptively stable nations. Sudan, the first country being analyzed, after gaining independence from Egypt and Britain in 1956, was gripped by a civil war till 1973 (Barker, 2008, p. 1 6). This civil war was basically because of ethnic differences between the people of northerly Sudan (Islamic of Arabic lineage) and Southern Sudan (non-Islamic of non-Arab lineage).While the civil war raged, Khartoum was ruled by the Sudanese military. A ceasefire in 1973 negotiated through granting autonomy to Southern Sudan kept the peace till 1983 when the military general, and the de-facto President, Nimeiry unilaterally indomitable to incorporate Southern Sudan into a federation. The civil war continued (Barker, p. 18), Nimeiry was ousted in 1983 and replaced by a democratic government under hot flash Minister Al Sadig Al Mahdi which was not recognized by the Sudans People Liberation Army (SPLA) of Southern Sudan. Civil war continued anew.In 1989, Colonel Omar al-Bashir over threw Prime Minister Al Mahdi, abolished political parties and established an Islamic code on entire Sudan. Al-Bashir formed the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation and allied his group with National Islamic Front to consolidate Islamization of firstly, blue Sudan and then the rest of the country. In the subsequent military action by the Sudanese army, the SPLA were defeated in Southern Sudan by 1994. Having achieved consolidation, Bashir dissolved the revolutionary council in 1993.In the 1996 election Bashir declared himself to be the only candidate eligible to run for President. All other political parties were disbanded and Bashir converted Sudan into an Islamic state with single party at its helm the newly created National Congress Party (NCP). Meanwhile, Bashir unleashed a brutal war of suppression on the non-Arab ethnic minorities in the Darfur region using proxy militia known as the Janjaweed that has resulted in deaths of over 400,000 Darfuris (Kessler, 2005, p. 1) leading to an indictment of Al-Bashir by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and genocide.At the tip of the Horn of Africa lies the failed state of Somalia where no functional gover nment exists. Somalia was never formally colonized by any power and had come under a variety of influences ranging from Islamic influence during the Ottoman Empire, fascistic influence under Mussolinis Italy and then British military administration from 1941 that was replaced by the formation of a republic of Somalia in 1961 with a parliamentary form of government (Lewis, 2008, p. 33). This brief democratic interlude was tattered in 1969 when President Shermake was assassinated and replaced by a military government.The military created the Somali Revolutionary socialist Party in 1976 and ruled the nation till 1990. Meanwhile, various Islamic factions and clans grew in size and voltage that overthrew the military government leading to a series of skirmishes through the period, 1990-1991. The long standing military dictator, Siad Barre was ousted in 1991 and President Ali Muhammed was installed, yet the civil war continued. The UN Security Council approved the United Nations Operati on in Somalia (UNOSOM) in 1992 that has since been replaced by UNOSOM II with no success.Presently, a Transitional Federal Government (Lewis, p. x)is the internationally recognized government of Somalia whose writ does not even run through the entire city of Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. In the juicy narrative so far, Kenya appears to be a bright democratic spark in the African continent. aft(prenominal) achieving independence from Britain in 1963, Kenya adopted a semi-presidential form of government albeit, with the peculiar African preference for single party rule. The Kenyan constitution mandated formation of only a single party in Kenya.Governments continued to be formed under the single party system until 1992 when electoral reforms were introduced to allow a multiparty system. The elections since then have been held in generally free and fair manner. The 2007 elections were marred by allegations of rigging in which the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Freedo m accused the ruling Party of National Unity for thieving the election. In the ensuing rioting, over 1000 Kenyans lost their lives (Raghavan, 2010, p. 1) and hundreds of thousands were displaced.Peace was restored through international mediation in 2008 and the country is presently being run by a grand coalition of members of both the parties under a new constitution (Raghavan, p. 1). Kenyas relative stability is attributed to the British colonial era, where unlike the rest of Africa, the colonists set up educational institutions and government infrastructure. Also, unlike the other African countries, 78% of Kenyans are Christians while 10% are Muslims, 10% indigenous and the rest 2% are Asian immigrants (CIA World Factbook, 2010, p.1). Central Africa In Central Africa, the Republic of Congo has been in the news for decades for all the wrong reasons. Congo received independence from France in 1960 and adopted the French presidential model of governance. However, the first President , Fulbert Youlou was ousted in 1963 by a military coup, which then installed a puppet civilian government (Rorison, 2008, p. 225) and also adopted communist ideology. In 1965, the Congo republic formally joined hands with the Soviet Union, firmly coming into the soviet axis of rotation (Rorison, p.226). This alignment did not bring about political stability as the original French democratic influence clashed with the uni-power Soviet ideology leading to a series of coups and dictatorship under Denis Sassou. During his first small-arm of rule from 1979 to 1992, Sassou ruled Congo under a single party rule of the Congolese cranch Party (PCT) (Rorison, p. 227). When external pressures grew strong, he introduced multiparty system in 1990 and was defeated in the 1992 Presidential election.Sassous ejector led to a civil war between the supporters of Sassou and his competitor Pascal Lissouba. Sassou, a former colonel won the civil war and proclaimed himself as the President in 1997. In 2009, Sassou was sworn in for another seven-year period (Amnesty International, 2010, p. 1). In Congos case too, for most of its independent history, the country has been ruled by a single party and now despite a multi-party democracy in place, the original political party, the PCT continues to rule the country. Southern AfricaIn Southern Africa, any discussion regarding Africa would remain incomplete without illustrating the case of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe, originally Rhodesia became independent after a violent struggle with the British in 1980. Throughout the period, 1965-1979, the country was engulfed in a civil war between British government forces and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) led by Robert Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU) led by Joshua Nkomo as also a number of smaller splinter groups (Raftopoulos Mlambo, 2009, pp. 141-165).In the 1980 elections, Robert Mugabe won by a wide allowance but fighting with opposing parties and groups continued. The two main parties the ZANU and ZAPU fought bitterly until 1988 when ceasefire was declared and the two parties merged into ZANU-PF hence starting Zimbabwes slide into single party dominated system (Raftopoulos Mlambo, p. 179). Till to date the ZANU-PF has won every single election by force. Mugabes policies of throwing out the white farmers and forcibly occupying lands and giving it to the scant(p) black resulted in economical sanctions by the West and a meltdown of the economy.Owing to his bad economic policies, hyperinflation struck the country and created political space for Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change to challenge him in the 2008 elections. The results were chisel but could not conclusively establish Tsvangirais claim of having won the elections. In September 2008, Mugabe maintain his power as the President by agreeing to share power with Tsvangirai who became the Prime Minister (Raftopoulos Mlambo, p. xxxii).Yet again, the single party rule do minates Zimbabwe. Finally, a discussion of Africa would be incomplete without examining its most prosperous and advanced state South Africa. In South Africa, the colonial power, the Dutch did not relinquish their hold over the country and continued in the form of Apartheid, which was once again predicated on the dominance of a single party the White minority party thereby conditioning the people of South Africa to rule by a single party.However, the violent suppression of the minorities could not continue indefinitely and ever since 1961, when South Africa left the British Commonwealth (Berger, 2009, p. 166) the white minority National Party faced constant protest from the black mass for equality. Till 1993, the National Party had banned other political parties (Berger, p. 166) and it was only in the face of sustained international pressure and internal struggle by the black and colored populations that the ban was lifted in 1993 and the African National Congress (ANC) led by Nel son Mandela was allowed to participate in elections.In Mandela, the South Africans ground a charismatic leader who exuded the moral authority and statesmanship, which promised to build a future for the suppressed races. Mandela delivered on his promises but also led to consolidation of the ANC as the only party of choice for the people of Africa. The National Party chose to merge with the ANC and this yet again showed the propensity of Africans to prefer single party rule. ConclusionIn conclusion, it can be reiterated that analysis of all the regions of Africa shows a remarkable similarity of circumstances that seemed to have shaped their preference for single party rule. The ethnic make up into tribes and clans were at the most basic level, the structure blocks for adhering to the instructions of the clan leader or village headman. This obedience in turn was further conditioned by brutal colonial rule, where the colonial masters used every suppressive means to book the Africans submissive.Suppression and exploitation itself became the rallying point for the African clans to unite and fight for their independence. Since most of the colonial powers only exploited Africa and did not build institutions, the succeeding indigenous governments had no infrastructural back up to employ their people or give immediate succor naturally, the people fell back to tribal and clan loyalties as rallying forces. Since these points of opposition had to be formed clandestinely, they became sort of secret societies that formed oligarchic groups to fight for independence.On attaining independence the basic dynamics of the groups did not change and they continued as a closed in-group, which only heightened social inequalities and strife broke out in most cases. As democratic institutions had not been allowed to turn under the colonial period, people tended to cluster around the village headman, in other words, any leader with some charisma and since one institution that always has a clearly defined leader is the army, most governments became victims of military takeovers. The populace conditioned by colonial repression now became victims of military repression.Military forces take a democratic fig leaf to govern nations and so they set up political parties which were then headed by serving or former military officers to perpetrate the rule of a single party in the states. Parts of Africa that had predominantly Islamic influence adopted Islamic laws, which ideologically are not compatible with democratic secularism. Therefore, these countries by default became ruled by a king or a dictator or by a single party. Where the Cold War intruded the African political space, communist regimes under laid by African tribalism became the dominant feature.In these cases, the political ideology required the rule of the state by a single party. Later, when communist regimes fell, the old habit of single party rule lingered on. Thus the assertion that there is prevalenc e of one party rule in African states is in spades proved. However, as can be seen from the examples of African states discussed, the hold of one party system is slowly changing. quaternate parties are emerging as the African people are becoming more aware of the wider world through the process of globalization.They are also realizing the need for multiple choices for governance as a nostrum against corruption and despotism. So while the one-party prevalence in Africa may seem predominant at the present, political evolution of the African polity is taking place that will, in time transform into a more inclusive political process across the continent. References Amnesty International. (2010). Congo (Republic of). Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http//www. unhcr. org/refworld/country,,,,COG,,4c03a835c,0. hypertext markup language Barker, G. (2008). Sudan. NY marshal Cavendish.Berger, I. (2009). South Africa in World archives. Oxford Oxford University Press. CIA World Factbook. (2010 , August 3). Kenya. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke. html Forum, A. P. (2008). An Audit of law of nature Oversight in Africa. Cape Town African Minds. Kessler, G. (2005, April 27). State Dept. Defends Estimate Of Deaths in Darfur Conflict. Retrieved August 10, 2010, from cap Post http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/26/AR2005042601397. html Lewis, I. (2008).Understanding Somalia and Somaliland Culture, History, Society. NY Columbia University Press. Lowe, C. , Amara, T. (2009, October 26). Tunisian President Wins fifth part Term in Office. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from Reuters http//www. reuters. com/article/idUSTRE59P03M20091026 Martin, P. M. , OMeara, P. (1995). Africa. Bloomington Indiana University Press. Moran, M. H. (2008). Liberia The Violence of Democracy . Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania. Nossiter, A. (2010, February 9). Nigerian Parliament label Acting President.Ret rieved August 11, 2010, from New York times http//www. nytimes. com/2010/02/10/world/africa/10nigeria. html Pateman, R. , El-Hamamsy, S. (2003). Egypt. NY Marshall Cavendish. Perkins, K. J. (2004). A History of Modern Tunisia . Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Polgreen, L. (2005, November 12). In First for Africa, Woman Wins Election as President of Liberia. Retrieved August 10, 2010, from New York Times http//www. nytimes. com/2005/11/12/international/africa/12liberia. html Raftopoulos, B. , Mlambo, A. (2009). Becoming Zimbabwe A History from the Pre-Colonial Period to 2008.Harare weaver finch Press. Raghavan, S. (2010, August 6). Kenyans Celebrate Approval of New Constitution. Retrieved August 10, 2010, from The Washington Post http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/05/AR2010080500525. html Rorison, S. (2008). Congo. Guilford The Globe Pequot Press Inc. Rotberg, R. I. (2007). Nigeria Elections and Continuing Challenges. NY Council for Foreign Relati ons. Sheehan, S. , Yong, J. L. , Lin, Y. J. (2010). Angola. NY Marshall Cavendish. Wright, J. (1981). Libya A Modern History. Beckenham Croom Helm Ltd.

Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens Es interpret peachy Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is one of the most popular classics of our time. Dickens novel was, some may say the work of a genius. The tale is of a son who starts from humble beginnings and whom the story follows through to young adulthood each entering a new experience for the boy. Charles Dickens wrote the novel in 1860-61. He was innate(p) into a respected middle class family, in Charlton. He incorporated local features and happenings into his books when he could. His set close to went into debt and then prison after(prenominal) his finances collapsed.The rest of the family had to go to, so Charles spent time in prison. This is where Charles Dickens got some of his inspiration for his book. He eventually died at the age of fifty-eight from a barb and was buried in his local churchyard. Chapter eight is an essential part of the book because it conveys a clear interpret of the characters personality and is a key part for t he rest of the story. I will look in Chapter 8, where wipe up goes to see omit Havishams house for the first time, for a number of different techniques and devices which the writer uses to make us feel sympathy for fritter.Charles Dickens starts do the subscriber feel sorry for Pip when he and Mr Pumblechoke amount at the gates, and Estella greets them. They completely over look Pip. This shows that Pip is unessential and insignificant. This, said Mrs Pumblechoke, is Pip This is Pip, is it? returned the young dame come in Oh she says, you wish to see Miss Havisham? If Miss Havisham wishes to se me. Returned Mr Pumblechoke. As you can see, from this initial conversation, Pip does not have the opportunity to introduce himself. This shows that he is considered to be insignificant, even though it was he who Miss Havisham had sent to see.This makes the reader feel condolence for Pip because it is as if people dont care about him. After the initial conversation, when Pip was mar ched inside with Estella, Estella starts to patronise Pip, which makes us feel sorry for him. But dont loiter, boy Though she called me boy so often, and with a carelessness that was far from complimentary, she was about my own age. She seemed much honest-to-goodness than, of course, being a girl, and a beautiful and self-possessed and she was as scornful of me as if she had been one and twenty, and a queenThis paragraph shows us that Pip is already feeling downhearted about Estella constantly making him feel bad. Even though Estella was about the same age as Pip, she considers herself to be wiser, more get on with and generally above Pips level. This is showed in the film by Estella being taller than Pip and looking down on him making her think herself bigger than him. This makes the reader feel sympathetic towards Pip because it is his first visit to Miss Havishams. He is evidently nervous and anxious, and having someone of his own age being scornful towards him, his self-confid ence middling breaks.The third time in chapter eight that the reader is made to feel sorry for Pip is when Pip was left in the hallway on his own with no light. Scornfully walked away, and what was worse took the candle with her. This was in truth uncomfortable and I was half afraid This makes the reader feel sympathetic for Pip because he is visualized as being vulnerable. Estella leads Pip into the house and to a door, and was proclaimed by Estella to go in. Pip declines and returns with after you miss. Estella telling him not to be so stupid and scornfully walks off with the light.You would think that now Estella had gone, his business office would have improved but this is not the case. He is about to embark on his first impact with Miss Havisham, making him hesitant and nervous. His confidence is not helped by standing outside the door in darkness, with no candle. Pip is now viewed as being vulnerable. Soon after Pip swallows his pride and opens the shrivelled and wrecke d door handle. No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it. It was a dressing room, as I supposed from the furniture, though much of it was of forms and uses quite unknown of to mePip enters through the door and is met by a milky white room. Although well lit by candle. There is antiqued furniture, all of which added to the mood, as if nil had lived there for quite some time. The clocks had also stopped at twenty minutes to nine. The reader then feels sympathetic towards Pip because of his already nervous state being placed in an eerie, scary atmosphere, which seems unnatural to the poor boy. The reader once again feels sorry for Pip when he is ordered to satisfy cards with Estella, for Miss Havishams viewing. Estella once again starts to be obnoxious towards Pip.

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Example for Free

Greek mathematician Pythagoras EssayPythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Samos, Ionia around 580 b.c. Thales, who was another(prenominal) philosopher was the main teacher of Pythagoras. Pythagoras went to study further in Egypt so Thales couldnt teach him anymore. In Pythagoras teenage years, he began to become known for his philosophic ideas. He also succeeded in math, astronomy, wrestling, and music.In music, he figured out that when a string is vibrating, the longer or shorter it is makes a divergency in the tune of the note. In astronomy, he taught that the earth was a sphere, and in math he compared the oddment between composite and prime numbers, discovered irrational numbers, and proved the Pythagorean Theorem. This stated that when the two shorter sides in a right triangle were squared and then added, it would equal the square of the longest side or hypotenuse. This was known earlier, but he was the first one to really prove it was true.H e soon travel from his home in Italy to a place called Crotona. In Crotona, he found a wife named Theano and founded a school based on philosophy and religion. While in Crotona he discovered many things and regular(a) had some followers. Pythagoras followers called themselves the Pythagoreans. In order to become a Pythagorean , you had to follow a twain of strict rules. One of the rules was silence. This meant that you could never share any of your own ideas with the others and that you could only listen to your fellow Pythagoreans. other rule was avoiding the ingestion of meat.An interesting thing about his school was that if you joined you were automatically a Pythagorean so that meant if you were a student, youd have to obey the rules also. His followers also believed in reincarnation. Reincarnation- when one dies, their soul is transferred to another human beings body.Pythagoras died in Metapontum, Lucania in 500 b.c. Historians think that hefled and just barely escaped last when violence broke out in Crotona. When he died, a lot of his ideas were forgotten. We will always discharge our dear Pythagorus.